{"id":12245,"date":"2013-11-19T00:47:33","date_gmt":"2013-11-19T04:47:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=12245"},"modified":"2013-11-19T10:13:42","modified_gmt":"2013-11-19T14:13:42","slug":"white-paper-outlines-new-approach-to-endangered-species-act-pesticide-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2013\/11\/white-paper-outlines-new-approach-to-endangered-species-act-pesticide-review\/","title":{"rendered":"White Paper Outlines New Approach to Endangered Species Act Pesticide Review"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides<\/i>, November 19, 2013) Last week, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U .S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) released a white paper<\/a> identifying how they plan to reconfigure the pesticide review process to meet the pesticide approval requirements for the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The new approach outlined in the white paper incorporates suggestions from the National Academy of Sciences\u2019 Research Council (NRC) report released last May. The white paper is a step towards overhauling a deeply flawed process, though there will be several challenges to implementing this new approach for the agencies moving forward.<\/p>\n

Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act<\/em> (FIFRA), before a pesticide can be sold, distributed, or used in the U.S., EPA is required to determine that the pesticide does not cause unreasonable adverse effects on the environment. However, in the case of species listed as endangered or threatened under the ESA, all federal agencies, including EPA, are required to ensure that their actions will not jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species by diminishing the species\u2019 numbers and reproduction. To do this, in its pesticide registration process, EPA is required to consult with FWS and NMFS when a federal action may adversely affect a listed species or its habitat. Over the last decade, questions have been raised regarding the best approaches or methods for determining the risks pesticides pose to listed species and their habitats. EPA, FWS, and NMFS have developed different approaches to evaluating environmental risks because their legal mandates, responsibilities, institutional cultures, and expertise vary. As a result, \u00a0NRC was asked to examine the scientific and technical issues <\/a>related to determining risks posed to listed species by pesticides.<\/p>\n

After reviewing the NRC\u2019s report, Evaluating Risks That Pesticides Pose to Endangered, Threatened Species \u2014 New Report<\/i><\/a>, the agencies worked together to develop a shared scientific approach that reflects the advice provided by the NRC. The interim approach, \u00a0designed to guide the consultation process, uses a three step risk assessment process to determine whether a pesticide is likely to pose a threat to listed species. Each step assesses risk through problem formulation, exposure analysis, affect analysis, and risk characterization.<\/p>\n

Step one of the proposed \u00a0risk assessment process is to determine whether pesticide use \u201cmay affect\u201d a listed species by determining if pesticide use and off-site transport areas overlap geographically with listed species ranges and their critical habitats. These use pattern sties will be mapped out by using the National USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) Census of Agriculture data, The National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and The Cropland Data Layer (CDL). The Agricultural Dispersal Model (AGDISP), and the Variable Volume Pond Model will be used to evaluate off-site pesticide transport.<\/p>\n

If it is determined through the first step that pesticides may affect listed species, the pesticide is then evaluated by step two. The purpose of step two is to determine if pesticide use is \u201clikely to adversely affect\u201d listed species or their designated critical habitats. This step examines if species are exposed to thresholds of the direct effects, indirect effects, and sub-lethal effects of pesticides. These determinations will utilize a weight-of-evidence approach that considers pesticide tank mixtures, formulations (including adjuvants, other active and inert ingredients), and environmental mixtures. The weight-of-evidence approach will also consider the ECOTOXicology<\/a> database along with data submitted by pesticide registrations as a source for \u201cbest available\u201d toxicity data.<\/p>\n

If there is agreement between agencies that the pesticide is \u201clikely to adversely affect\u201d species or if there is disagreement between agencies the pesticides moves to step three of the interim risk assessment process. This step determines if pesticide labels for an active ingredient do not cause \u201cjeopardy\u201d to listed species and their designated critical habitat is not modified. This step builds off of steps one and two, and reconsiders the weight-of-evidence and population effects pesticides can have on species. If there is agreement between agencies that a pesticide causes jeopardy or adverse modification EPA must decide whether and under what conditions to register the pesticide so it complies with ESA.<\/p>\n

The white paper acknowledges that there are several followup tasks, such as sharing information and developing a common approach to weight of evidence analyses, to define and improve techniques over time. A presentation put together by the agencies<\/a> for a stake holder workshop, held last Friday, also outlines several challenges the agencies will face while implementing this interim plan. In terms of step one, some pesticide use sites are not well represented with existing data such as the use of pesticides on right-of-ways<\/a>. Another important challenge is how the agencies will incorporate formulations and mixtures in the weight-of-evidence. Currently, \u00a0inert ingredients are minimally tested and the EPA does not test for synergistic effects<\/a> of pesticide mixtures.<\/p>\n

Though this proposed risk assessment process is an important step forward toward greater cooperation between agencies, EPA\u2019s risk assessment process does not function to protect the most vulnerable in biological systems, but institutes restrictions intended to mitigate risks. The mandated consultations with FWS and NMFS could present the opportunity to evaluate alternative practices that would avoid harm to listed species, but is largely limited to the risk management framework that has so long dominated EPA\u2019s approach to regulating pesticides.<\/p>\n

Background<\/b><\/p>\n

Prior to 2004, EPA believed the extensive environmental risk assessments required in the registration process also would include impacts on listed species. However, represented by the public interest law group Earthjustice, several stakeholder organizations including the Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides (NCAP) and the Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen\u2019s Associations (PCFFA), filed suit in January 2001 to force EPA to fulfill the distinct ESA requirements. Specifically, the lawsuit challenged EPA\u2019s decision to register 54 pesticides without first consulting with federal fish biologists regarding the potential impact on protected salmon and steelhead species in the Northwest. The judge, in a \u00a0lawsuit initiated in 2002<\/a>, called EPA\u2019s \u201cwholesale non-compliance\u201d with its ESA obligations \u201cpatently unlawful\u201d and ordered the agency to consult with NMFS regarding adverse impacts on the Northwest runs. More recently, EPA\u2019s failure to consult with FWS on the impacts of hundreds of pesticides known to be harmful to more than 200 listed species prompted a \u00a02011 lawsuit<\/a>.<\/p>\n

All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides<\/i><\/p>\n

Source: <\/i>Politico <\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, November 19, 2013) Last week, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U .S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) released a white paper identifying how they plan to reconfigure the pesticide review process to meet the pesticide approval requirements for the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The new approach outlined in the white paper incorporates suggestions from the National Academy of Sciences\u2019 Research Council (NRC) report released last May. The white paper is a step towards overhauling a deeply flawed process, though there will be several challenges to implementing this new approach for the agencies moving forward. Under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), before a pesticide can be sold, distributed, or used in the U.S., EPA is required to determine that the pesticide does not cause unreasonable adverse effects on the environment. However, in the case of species listed as endangered or threatened under the ESA, all federal agencies, including EPA, are required to ensure that their actions will not jeopardize the continued existence of a listed species by diminishing the species\u2019 numbers and reproduction. To do this, in its pesticide registration process, EPA is required to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,12,324,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12245","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pesticide-regulation","category-water","category-water-regulation","category-wildlifeenvironment"],"yoast_head":"\nWhite Paper Outlines New Approach to Endangered Species Act Pesticide Review - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2013\/11\/white-paper-outlines-new-approach-to-endangered-species-act-pesticide-review\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"White Paper Outlines New Approach to Endangered Species Act Pesticide Review - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, November 19, 2013) Last week, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the U .S. 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The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides) as a nonprofit membership organization in 1981, felt that without the existence of such an organized, national network, local, state and national pesticide policy would become, under chemical industry pressure, increasingly unresponsive to public health and environmental concerns. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions that affect them directly. We believe decisions should not be made for us by chemical companies or by decision-makers who either do not have all of the facts or refuse to consider them. Learn more about our work, read A Year in Review\u20142021, our accomplishments are your victories! Beyond Pesticides seeks to protect healthy air, water, land, and food for ourselves and future generations. By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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