{"id":12964,"date":"2014-03-24T00:01:04","date_gmt":"2014-03-24T04:01:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=12964"},"modified":"2014-03-24T12:04:43","modified_gmt":"2014-03-24T16:04:43","slug":"study-finds-rapid-cross-resistance-to-bt-incorporated-ge-maize","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2014\/03\/study-finds-rapid-cross-resistance-to-bt-incorporated-ge-maize\/","title":{"rendered":"Study Finds Rapid Cross-Resistance to Bt incorporated GE Maize"},"content":{"rendered":"

(March 24, 2013 Beyond Pesticides) A study by an entomologist at Iowa State University in Ames Iowa found that western corn rootworm is now resistant to two varieties of Bt<\/em>-incorporated genetically engineered (GE) maize and that resistant insects are likely to be cross-resistant. This study adds to the growing scientific literature that shows insect resistance to Bt<\/em> crops is making certain GE technologies obsolete, which could lead to an increase in insecticide use<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The study, Field-evolved resistance by western corn rootworm to multiple Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in transgenic maize<\/a>, conducted by a team led by Aaron Gassmann, PhD, adds to the growing scientific literature that that finds western corn rootworm \u00a0is resistant to varieties of Bt<\/em>-incorporated GE maize. In 2009, farmers in Iowa observed severe injury to Cry3Bb1 maize \u2014one of the three varieties of Bt<\/em>-incorporated GE maize- from larval western corn rootworm in the field. Subsequent laboratory assays reveal that this injury is associated with rootworm resistance to \u00a0Cry3Bb1. This study finds that injury to Cry3Bb1 maize because of rootworm resistance persisted beyond 2011 and expanded to include mCry3A maize, a second variety of Bt<\/em>-incorporated GE maize.<\/p>\n

Laboratory analysis of western corn rootworm from these fields finds resistance to Cry3Bb1 and mCry3A and cross-resistance between these toxins. Cross-resistance is important because it means that when generations of corn rootworms are resistant to one of these varieties they are also often resistant to a second form. To slow injury to crops from resistance, biotech companies are pyramiding, or stacking, Cry3Bb1 and mCry3A varieties with Cry34\/35Ab1, the third form of Bt<\/em> maize and has as yet exhibited \u00a0resistance.<\/p>\n

However, according to the study, the presence of resistance to one toxin in a pyramid diminishes the effectiveness of a pyramid to delay resistance, and may hasten the evolution of new resistance. These results demonstrate that insects can evolve resistance rapidly to Bt<\/em> crops -resistance shows up in Iowa fields an verage of 3.6 years after Cry3Bb1 is introduced -and raise concerns about the adequacy of current resistance management strategies and the ongoing effectiveness of non-GE Bt<\/em> strains used widely in organic agriculture.<\/p>\n

Several previous studies have also documented growing corn rootworm resistance to Bt maize. In 2011<\/a>, Dr. Gassmann published \u201cField-Evolved Resistance to Bt<\/em> Maize by Western Corn Rootworm,\u201d \u00a0a study verifying the first field-evolved resistance of corn rootworm to a \u00a0Bt<\/em> toxin. The researchers documented resistance to the \u00a0Bt<\/em> \u00a0toxin Cry3Bb1. The study found the western rootworm\u2019s ability to adapt is strongest in fields where Bt \u00a0corn is planted for three consecutive years and suggests that insufficient planting of refuges contributes to the problem.<\/p>\n

This study was cited by a group of \u00a022 prominent entomologists \u00a0<\/a>who submitted \u00a0formal comments to EPA<\/a> on their concerns about the viability of Cry3Bb1 corn. Recently, \u00a0<\/b>even the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) concluded that<\/a>, \u201cCorn rootworm may not be completely controlled by Cry3Bb1 in certain parts of the corn belt.\u201d However, after this release, EPA did little to mitigate resistance beyond announcing that Monsanto had committed to conduct grower education programs demonstrating the value of crop rotation.<\/p>\n

This publication also adds to the growing literature of cross-resistance. A 2013 study,<\/a> \u00a0 \u00a0\u201cPotential shortfall of pyramided transgenic cotton for insect resistance management,\u201d by Thierry Br\u00e9vaul, PhD and colleagues, found that stacking several \u00a0Bt<\/i>-incorporated traits does not stop resistance. Researchers assumed that caterpillars resistant to the first \u00a0Bt<\/i> \u00a0toxin would survive on the on-toxin plants, but die when consuming two-toxin plants because they had not yet developed resistance to the new formulation. However, caterpillars selected for resistance to one toxin survived significantly better than caterpillars from a susceptible strain.<\/p>\n

Growing insect resistance to GE technology may lead to an increase in insecticide use. According to a report by the \u00a0Wall Street Journal<\/i> \u00a0in 2013<\/a>, insecticide sales soared \u00a0in 2013 as target insects have developed resistance to genetically engineered insecticide-incorporated crops. Pesticide manufacturers American Vanguard, FMC Corp, and Syngenta have all reported higher sales in 2012 and 2013 than in previous years. Syngenta alone reported doubling sales in 2012. Similarly, American Vanguard reported soil insecticide revenues rose by 50% in 2012.<\/p>\n

For more information on the hazards associated with GE technology, visit Beyond Pesticides\u2019 \u00a0Genetic Engineering webpage<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Continue the conversation at Beyond Pesticides\u2019 \u00a0<\/i>32nd<\/sup> \u00a0National Pesticide Forum<\/a>, \u00a0\u201cAdvancing Sustainable Communities: People, Pollinators, and Practices,\u201d \u00a0in Portland, OR April 11-12. Among the featured speakers, \u00a0George Kimbrell, senior attorney at Center for Food Safety, will \u00a0speak on his spearheading \u00a0litigation on \u00a0USDA\u2019s deregulation of genetically engineered crops and the campaign to label food with GE ingredients. \u00a0The Forum will focus<\/i> \u00a0on improving farmworker protections along with solutions to the decline of pollinators and other beneficial organisms, strengthening organic agriculture, and creating healthy buildings, schools and homes. Space is limited so \u00a0<\/i>register now<\/i><\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n

Source: Nature <\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(March 24, 2013 Beyond Pesticides) A study by an entomologist at Iowa State University in Ames Iowa found that western corn rootworm is now resistant to two varieties of Bt-incorporated genetically engineered (GE) maize and that resistant insects are likely to be cross-resistant. This study adds to the growing scientific literature that shows insect resistance to Bt crops is making certain GE technologies obsolete, which could lead to an increase in insecticide use. The study, Field-evolved resistance by western corn rootworm to multiple Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in transgenic maize, conducted by a team led by Aaron Gassmann, PhD, adds to the growing scientific literature that that finds western corn rootworm \u00a0is resistant to varieties of Bt-incorporated GE maize. In 2009, farmers in Iowa observed severe injury to Cry3Bb1 maize \u2014one of the three varieties of Bt-incorporated GE maize- from larval western corn rootworm in the field. Subsequent laboratory assays reveal that this injury is associated with rootworm resistance to \u00a0Cry3Bb1. This study finds that injury to Cry3Bb1 maize because of rootworm resistance persisted beyond 2011 and expanded to include mCry3A maize, a second variety of Bt-incorporated GE maize. Laboratory analysis of western corn rootworm from these fields finds resistance to […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[249,18,21,5,120],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-agriculture","category-bt","category-chemicals","category-genetic-engineering","category-resistance"],"yoast_head":"\nStudy Finds Rapid Cross-Resistance to Bt incorporated GE Maize - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2014\/03\/study-finds-rapid-cross-resistance-to-bt-incorporated-ge-maize\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Study Finds Rapid Cross-Resistance to Bt incorporated GE Maize - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(March 24, 2013 Beyond Pesticides) A study by an entomologist at Iowa State University in Ames Iowa found that western corn rootworm is now resistant to two varieties of Bt-incorporated genetically engineered (GE) maize and that resistant insects are likely to be cross-resistant. This study adds to the growing scientific literature that shows insect resistance to Bt crops is making certain GE technologies obsolete, which could lead to an increase in insecticide use. The study, Field-evolved resistance by western corn rootworm to multiple Bacillus thuringiensis toxins in transgenic maize, conducted by a team led by Aaron Gassmann, PhD, adds to the growing scientific literature that that finds western corn rootworm \u00a0is resistant to varieties of Bt-incorporated GE maize. In 2009, farmers in Iowa observed severe injury to Cry3Bb1 maize \u2014one of the three varieties of Bt-incorporated GE maize- from larval western corn rootworm in the field. Subsequent laboratory assays reveal that this injury is associated with rootworm resistance to \u00a0Cry3Bb1. This study finds that injury to Cry3Bb1 maize because of rootworm resistance persisted beyond 2011 and expanded to include mCry3A maize, a second variety of Bt-incorporated GE maize. 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The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides) as a nonprofit membership organization in 1981, felt that without the existence of such an organized, national network, local, state and national pesticide policy would become, under chemical industry pressure, increasingly unresponsive to public health and environmental concerns. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions that affect them directly. We believe decisions should not be made for us by chemical companies or by decision-makers who either do not have all of the facts or refuse to consider them. Learn more about our work, read A Year in Review\u20142021, our accomplishments are your victories! Beyond Pesticides seeks to protect healthy air, water, land, and food for ourselves and future generations. By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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