{"id":160,"date":"2007-08-13T08:30:55","date_gmt":"2007-08-13T12:30:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=160"},"modified":"2007-12-11T10:20:49","modified_gmt":"2007-12-11T14:20:49","slug":"long-living-sharks-show-buildup-of-toxic-chemicals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2007\/08\/long-living-sharks-show-buildup-of-toxic-chemicals\/","title":{"rendered":"Long-Living Sharks Show Buildup of Toxic Chemicals"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, August 13, 2007) Greenland sharks, which inhabit some of the least populated regions on Earth in seemingly pristine Arctic waters, contain high amounts of human-manufactured industrial waste in their bodies, including toxic pesticide byproducts. The findings are available online in Marine Pollution Bulletin<\/em> (in press), entitled “Dioxins and PCBs in Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) from the North-East Atlantic<\/a>.”<\/font><\/p>\n

\"Greenland<\/font>According to the team of researchers at Stockholm University, the<\/font> highest measured concentration found is for the world\u2019s most toxic dioxin, TCDD, a compound found in the herbicide Agent Orange<\/a>, which the U.S. military used during the Vietnam War. The herbicide was used for other applications from 1961 to 1971.<\/font><\/p>\n

The study also names another set of discontinued chemicals, polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, as the main source of the contaminants found in the Greenland sharks. PCBs were banned in the 1970s, which illustrates how persistent such compounds are in the environment and how long-living, top predator species may carry them for decades.<\/font><\/p>\n

Project leader Dr. \u00c5ke Bergman, Ph.D., an environmental chemist at Stockholm University, told Discovery News that he and his team decided to focus on Greenland sharks since their normal lifespan may exceed 100 years, based on an annual estimated growth rate of just a fraction of an inch.<\/font><\/p>\n

“I noticed that quite a few recently captured sharks appeared to be older than when PCBs were first manufactured in bulk in 1929,” he said.<\/font><\/p>\n

PCBs were used in a variety of industrial applications, including pesticides, electrical-related fluids for capacitors and transformers, heat transfer fluids, lubricating oils, paints, carbonless copy paper, adhesives, sealants, plastics, and even in surgical implants.<\/font><\/p>\n

Dr. Bergman and his team measured concentrations of PCBs, as well as the industry-related compounds dioxins and furans, in Greenland shark livers and muscle tissue. Dioxins and furans may occur naturally, such as during lengthy forest fires, but not at the amounts found in today\u2019s environment. Dioxins, for one, can enter the waterways as byproducts of manufacturing processes and from the use of popular herbicides<\/a> containing 2,4-D<\/a>.<\/font><\/p>\n

Though the health effects of most industrial pollutants remain difficult to quantify, Dr. Bergman said, “[t]hese contaminants can cause reproductive failures, neurological effects and other problems.”<\/font><\/p>\n

Compared to other areas, the concentrations of contaminants are often low in the fish species consumed by the Greenland sharks in the remote marine environments that they inhabit. However, Dr. Bergman thinks that pollutant levels are especially high in the sharks due to their slow metabolism rates as a result of their cold-water habitats.<\/font><\/p>\n

Also, studies show that other apex predators, like polar bears<\/a>, large marine mammals and birds high on the food chain, tend to have more contaminants because of “biomagnification through the food web,” meaning that as one animal eats another, the substances in their bodies become more concentrated with each step up in the chain.<\/font><\/p>\n

Dr. Bergman said, “Sharks provide evidence for what is happening in marine ecosystems, and since we found Greenland sharks carry quite a load of environmental contaminants, there is cause for concern.”<\/font><\/p>\n

Another recent study<\/a> also shows how some organic pollutants, such as lindane<\/a>, can biomagnify in terrestrial food webs even though the same chemicals do not accumulate in aquatic food webs.
\n
\nSource: Discovery News<\/a><\/em>
\n<\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, August 13, 2007) Greenland sharks, which inhabit some of the least populated regions on Earth in seemingly pristine Arctic waters, contain high amounts of human-manufactured industrial waste in their bodies, including toxic pesticide byproducts. The findings are available online in Marine Pollution Bulletin (in press), entitled “Dioxins and PCBs in Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) from the North-East Atlantic.” According to the team of researchers at Stockholm University, the highest measured concentration found is for the world\u2019s most toxic dioxin, TCDD, a compound found in the herbicide Agent Orange, which the U.S. military used during the Vietnam War. The herbicide was used for other applications from 1961 to 1971. The study also names another set of discontinued chemicals, polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, as the main source of the contaminants found in the Greenland sharks. PCBs were banned in the 1970s, which illustrates how persistent such compounds are in the environment and how long-living, top predator species may carry them for decades. Project leader Dr. \u00c5ke Bergman, Ph.D., an environmental chemist at Stockholm University, told Discovery News that he and his team decided to focus on Greenland sharks since their normal lifespan may exceed 100 years, based on an annual […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-160","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-international","category-wildlifeenvironment"],"yoast_head":"\nLong-Living Sharks Show Buildup of Toxic Chemicals - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2007\/08\/long-living-sharks-show-buildup-of-toxic-chemicals\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Long-Living Sharks Show Buildup of Toxic Chemicals - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, August 13, 2007) Greenland sharks, which inhabit some of the least populated regions on Earth in seemingly pristine Arctic waters, contain high amounts of human-manufactured industrial waste in their bodies, including toxic pesticide byproducts. The findings are available online in Marine Pollution Bulletin (in press), entitled “Dioxins and PCBs in Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) from the North-East Atlantic.” According to the team of researchers at Stockholm University, the highest measured concentration found is for the world\u2019s most toxic dioxin, TCDD, a compound found in the herbicide Agent Orange, which the U.S. military used during the Vietnam War. The herbicide was used for other applications from 1961 to 1971. The study also names another set of discontinued chemicals, polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, as the main source of the contaminants found in the Greenland sharks. PCBs were banned in the 1970s, which illustrates how persistent such compounds are in the environment and how long-living, top predator species may carry them for decades. 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The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides) as a nonprofit membership organization in 1981, felt that without the existence of such an organized, national network, local, state and national pesticide policy would become, under chemical industry pressure, increasingly unresponsive to public health and environmental concerns. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions that affect them directly. We believe decisions should not be made for us by chemical companies or by decision-makers who either do not have all of the facts or refuse to consider them. Learn more about our work, read A Year in Review\u20142021, our accomplishments are your victories! Beyond Pesticides seeks to protect healthy air, water, land, and food for ourselves and future generations. By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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