{"id":16404,"date":"2015-08-18T00:01:49","date_gmt":"2015-08-18T04:01:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=16404"},"modified":"2015-08-18T11:17:23","modified_gmt":"2015-08-18T15:17:23","slug":"decline-in-biodiversity-and-pest-problems-intricately-linked","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/08\/decline-in-biodiversity-and-pest-problems-intricately-linked\/","title":{"rendered":"Decline in Biodiversity and Pest Problems Intricately Linked"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>(Beyond Pesticides, August 18, 2015)<\/em> Research looking at corn production \u00a0across the Northern Great Plains finds that fields with lower insect biodiversity are at greater risk for pest problems, showing that insect diversity can reduce the need for pesticides, yet again highlighting the critical need for biodiversity in a resilient and sustainable food production system. The research article, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/advances.sciencemag.org\/content\/1\/6\/e1500558\">Trading Biodiversity for Pest Problems<\/a><\/em>, is published in the July 31 issue of <em>Science Advances<\/em>, and explores how current chemical-intensive \u00a0practices have resulted in altered pesticide use patterns, land use intensification, and landscape simplification, all of which threaten biodiversity in and near farms. The findings suggest that farming practices that promote insect biodiversity is  \u00a0an effective way to control pests without the use of harmful pesticides.<\/p>\n<p>Scientists Jonathan Lundgren, PhD, an entomologist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture\u2014Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), and Scott Fausti, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/hedgerow.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-16408\" src=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/hedgerow-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"hedgerow\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" align=\"right\" srcset=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/hedgerow-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/hedgerow.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>PhD, an economics professor at South Dakota State University looked at insect diversity in cornfields on 53 different eastern South Dakota farms. The researchers evaluate fields that do not use insecticides or crops that are genetically engineered (GE), which may \u00a0influence corn insect communities. They also specifically identify insect species during the time in the corn\u2019s life cycle when insect communities are most abundant and pest problems, and document \u00a0relative numbers of 106 taxonomic groups of insects on these farms.<\/p>\n<p>In their analysis, the researchers find that more biodiverse cornfields have fewer pests, and those with high species diversity and an even distribution of species abundance had the least amount of pests. &#8220;It is the relationships among herbivores and predators that determines whether corn insect pests will be either controlled by the ecosystem or, if the ecosystem has been diminished, then that will allow the corn insect pest to thrive,&#8221; Dr. Fausti said to <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mprnews.org\/story\/2015\/07\/31\/bug-diversity\">Minnesota Public Radio (MPR News)<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>According to the researchers, this is among one of the first studies to quantify the importance of insect networks in fields. While previous <a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mec.12700\/abstract\">research<\/a> shows that diversity, reducing soil disturbance, increasing crop rotation diversity, and including cover crops are important factors in keeping pests in check, we don\u2019t always have a complete picture of how these practices work to reduce pests. (See yesterday\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/08\/roundup-damages-earthworms-and-soil-biota-contributes-to-nutrient-pollution\/\">Daily News story<\/a> on the effects of glyphosate on earthworms and soil biota, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/04\/neonicotinoids-adversely-affect-biodiversity-according-to-new-report\/\">Beyond Pesticides&#8217; review<\/a> \u00a0of \u00a0European Academies Science Advisory Council \u00a0report <a class=\" pdflink\" href=\"http:\/\/www.easac.eu\/fileadmin\/Reports\/Easac_15_ES_web_complete.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Ecosystem Services, agriculture and neonicotinoids<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>The findings suggests that practices that reduce diversity in cornfields will exacerbate pest problems over time. Interestingly, researchers also note that unnecessary pesticide inputs and simplification of agro-ecosystems are destined to require even more pesticides to replace the lost functions of biodiversity and maintain these food production systems.<\/p>\n<p>Recent trends in agriculture, including less diverse \u00a0cropping systems coupled with a significant increase in pesticide use on the major crops like corn and soybeans, significantly threaten biodiversity. Corn is one of the most <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/organicfood\/conscience\/navigation.php?foodid=93\">intensively<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/organicfood\/conscience\/navigation.php?foodid=15\">produced<\/a> crops in the U.S., covering about 5 percent of the land surface in this country, according to the authors. The study authors estimate that, in 2013, U.S. farmers spent $3.2 billion to control corn pests. Systemic insecticides, particularly neonicotinoids, are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/04\/neonicotinoids-adversely-affect-biodiversity-according-to-new-report\/\">commonly used on those crops<\/a> even if there is no pest threat, creating devastating effects on organisms that provide ecosystem services including natural pest control and pollination. The results suggest \u00a0that farmers may need to use less or eliminate pesticides once they understand how biodiversity works in farm fields.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLong-term food security is contingent on inventing production systems that are resilient to stressors like pests,\u201d wrote the authors in an article published in <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/as-biodiversity-declines-on-corn-farms-pest-problems-grow-45477\">The Conversation<\/a><\/em>. \u201cBiodiversity within food systems provides quantifiable and valuable services to society, of which pest management is one.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Research strongly indicates that biodiversity promotes environmental productivity, stability, and resilience. In general, the soil community with greater biodiversity generates more biomass (the combined weight of all organisms), is \u00a0more resistant to environmental disturbances, such as drought, and bounces back more quickly after being affected by such disturbances. Beyond Pesticides\u2019 report, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2013\/06\/study-finds-pesticides-reduce-biodiversity-in-aquatic-ecosystems\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/documents\/biodiversity.pdf\">Preserving Biodiversity, As if Life Depends on it<\/a><\/em>, notes that by targeting individual species \u2014both as commodities to produce and pests to attack\u2014 chemical-intensive practices sacrifice the benefits of biodiversity and jeopardize the very species that comprise it. While causing harm to biodiversity, chemical-intensive strategies in agriculture are not proven to be necessary in light of effective organic practices.<\/p>\n<p>Beyond Pesticides has long advocated for organic management practices as a means to foster biodiversity, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/06\/study-finds-organic-makes-sense-both-ecologically-and-economically\/\">research shows<\/a> that organic farmers do a better job of protecting biodiversity than their chemically-intensive counterparts. Instead of prophylactic use of pesticides and scheduled sprays, responsible organic farms focus on fostering habitat for pest predators and other beneficial insects, set action levels for pests based upon monitoring, and only resort to judicious use of least-toxic pesticides when other cultural, structural, mechanical, and biological controls have been attempted and proven ineffective. The conservation of biodiversity is both a core premise of organic land management. For more on how organic management preserves biodiversity, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/organicfood\/index.php\">Beyond Pesticides\u2019 organic agriculture webpage<\/a>. For a hands on approach on how you can protect biodiversity, see <a href=\"http:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/infoservices\/pesticidesandyou\/documents\/diy-biodiversity.pdf\">Do-it-Yourself Biodiversity<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Sources: <em><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/as-biodiversity-declines-on-corn-farms-pest-problems-grow-45477\">The Conversation<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mprnews.org\/story\/2015\/07\/31\/bug-diversity\">Minnesota Public Radio<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Beyond Pesticides, August 18, 2015) Research looking at corn production \u00a0across the Northern Great Plains finds that fields with lower insect biodiversity are at greater risk for pest problems, showing that insect diversity can reduce the need for pesticides, yet again highlighting the critical need for biodiversity in a resilient and sustainable food production system. The research article, Trading Biodiversity for Pest Problems, is published in the July 31 issue of Science Advances, and explores how current chemical-intensive \u00a0practices have resulted in altered pesticide use patterns, land use intensification, and landscape simplification, all of which threaten biodiversity in and near farms. The findings suggest that farming practices that promote insect biodiversity is \u00a0an effective way to control pests without the use of harmful pesticides. Scientists Jonathan Lundgren, PhD, an entomologist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture\u2014Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), and Scott Fausti, PhD, an economics professor at South Dakota State University looked at insect diversity in cornfields on 53 different eastern South Dakota farms. The researchers evaluate fields that do not use insecticides or crops that are genetically engineered (GE), which may \u00a0influence corn insect communities. They also specifically identify insect species during the time in the corn\u2019s life cycle [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[249,124,348,21,312,5,328,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-agriculture","category-announcements","category-beneficials","category-chemicals","category-contamination","category-genetic-engineering","category-neonicotinoids","category-wildlifeenvironment"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Decline in Biodiversity and Pest Problems Intricately Linked - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/08\/decline-in-biodiversity-and-pest-problems-intricately-linked\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Decline in Biodiversity and Pest Problems Intricately Linked - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, August 18, 2015) Research looking at corn production \u00a0across the Northern Great Plains finds that fields with lower insect biodiversity are at greater risk for pest problems, showing that insect diversity can reduce the need for pesticides, yet again highlighting the critical need for biodiversity in a resilient and sustainable food production system. The research article, Trading Biodiversity for Pest Problems, is published in the July 31 issue of Science Advances, and explores how current chemical-intensive \u00a0practices have resulted in altered pesticide use patterns, land use intensification, and landscape simplification, all of which threaten biodiversity in and near farms. The findings suggest that farming practices that promote insect biodiversity is \u00a0an effective way to control pests without the use of harmful pesticides. Scientists Jonathan Lundgren, PhD, an entomologist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture\u2014Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), and Scott Fausti, PhD, an economics professor at South Dakota State University looked at insect diversity in cornfields on 53 different eastern South Dakota farms. The researchers evaluate fields that do not use insecticides or crops that are genetically engineered (GE), which may \u00a0influence corn insect communities. 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By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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The research article, Trading Biodiversity for Pest Problems, is published in the July 31 issue of Science Advances, and explores how current chemical-intensive \u00a0practices have resulted in altered pesticide use patterns, land use intensification, and landscape simplification, all of which threaten biodiversity in and near farms. The findings suggest that farming practices that promote insect biodiversity is \u00a0an effective way to control pests without the use of harmful pesticides. Scientists Jonathan Lundgren, PhD, an entomologist at the U.S. Department of Agriculture\u2014Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), and Scott Fausti, PhD, an economics professor at South Dakota State University looked at insect diversity in cornfields on 53 different eastern South Dakota farms. The researchers evaluate fields that do not use insecticides or crops that are genetically engineered (GE), which may \u00a0influence corn insect communities. 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By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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