{"id":16424,"date":"2015-08-20T00:01:25","date_gmt":"2015-08-20T04:01:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=16424"},"modified":"2015-08-20T09:28:31","modified_gmt":"2015-08-20T13:28:31","slug":"lice-found-resistant-to-common-insecticide-treatment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/08\/lice-found-resistant-to-common-insecticide-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Lice Found Resistant to Common Insecticide Treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, August 20, 2015) Just as children go \u00a0back to school, research \u00a0finds that lice in 25 of 30 states in a \u00a0U.S. study have developed resistance to common over-the-counter treatments like permethrin<\/a>, calling into questions the justification for exposing children to a neurotoxic and carcinogenic pesticide and elevating the need to consider nontoxic alternatives. The \u00a0research was presented Tuesday at the 250th<\/sup> National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS), by Kyong Yoon, Ph.D., of Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville.<\/p>\n

Classified as a synthetic pyrethroid<\/a> insecticide, permethrin is \u201clikely carcinogenic\u201d and a suspected endocrine disruptor, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, and highly toxic to fish, aquatic animals, and bees. Dr. Yoon and his colleagues describe<\/a> the threefold mutations that lice have developed over time due to the constant use of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. This new finding builds on his team\u2019s previous research<\/a>, which found that 99.6% of lice are resistant to chemical treatment<\/a>, adding weight to the fact that chemical treatments not only are unnecessary given effective least-toxic alternatives, but also are not able to provide the lice control that manufacturers claim.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cWe are the first group to collect lice samples from a large number of populations across the U.S.,\u201d said Dr. Yoon. \u201cWhat we found was that 104 out of the 109 lice populations we tested had high levels of gene mutations, which have been linked to resistance to pyrethroids.\u201d That translates to ninety-five percent of all lice populations with high<\/em> resistance to common chemical treatments. The other five percent may have resistance as well, but not in all three areas of mutation.<\/p>\n

The reduced efficacy of head lice treatments has been questioned and studied since the 1990s<\/a>, however, in this study, Dr. Yoon and his team of researchers studied the issue nationwide. To determine \u00a0resistance, Dr. Yoon’s team tested lice \u00a0for a trio of genetic mutations known collectively as kdr<\/em>, or \u00a0\u201cknock-down resistance.\u201d Kdr<\/em> mutations had initially been found in house flies in the late \u201970s after farmers and others began using \u00a0pyrethroids as an alternative to organochlorines like \u00a0DDT and organophosphates like Dursban \u00a0(chlorpyrifos).<\/p>\n

While the researchers identify \u00a0other chemical alternatives, such as \u00a0prescription treatments of \u00a0malathion<\/a>, spinosad<\/a>, and lindane<\/a>, they are urging caution. \u201cIf you use a chemical over and over, these little creatures will eventually develop resistance,\u201d Dr. Yoon says. \u201cSo we have to think before we use a treatment. The good news is head lice don\u2019t carry disease. They\u2019re more a nuisance than anything else.\u201d<\/p>\n

In addition to concerns about resistance, when it comes to children, exposure to permethrin and other common lice treatments has proven to be dangerous. Malathion, an organophosphate insecticide, is a nerve poison that acts by inhibiting enzymes, causing long-lasting polyneuropathy and sensory nerve damage. It has recently been recognized as a toxic hazard to school children in California<\/a>, leading to stronger restrictions on its use in the state. Lindane, on the other hand, was discovered by the World Health Organization\u2019s (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) to be a Group 1 \u201ccarcinogenic to humans\u201d earlier this year<\/a>, the highest cancer category. Most alarming is that despite these known hazards, and the fact that there are viable least-toxic alternatives that do not build resistance or put children in danger, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) allows the use of these lice treatments, including lindane products<\/a> on children over the age of two.<\/p>\n

A 2009 study, Pesticide exposure resulting from treatment of lice infestations in school-aged children in Georgia<\/a>, found that children treated with common chemical lice shampoos containing permethrin and lindane showed levels of the chemical\u2019s metabolites up to seven days after the first treatment. This is especially concerning given that environmentally relevant levels of pyrethroids are also common in many homes<\/a>, where they are used as a household insecticide. Young children who play on the floor can come into chronic contact with these chemicals through skin or hand to mouth activities. A 2013 study, Urinary metabolites of organophosphates and pyrethroid pesticides and behavioral problems in Canadian children<\/a>, found that high levels of pyrethroid metabolites correlated with a two-fold increase in parent-reported behavioral problems, including inattention and hyperactivity. These chemicals can also damage children before they are born. A 2013 study, In utero<\/em> pesticide exposure and leukemia in Brazilian children less than 2 years of age<\/a>,\u201d found that a mother\u2019s exposure to permethrin at any time<\/a> raises the cancer risk for infants.<\/p>\n

The constant cycle of insecticide use has created the \u201csuper\u201d lice we are seeing across the country, creatures that \u00a0can easily be prevented by avoiding chemical options. Fortunately, there are a number of alternative lice treatment methods that do not include the use of toxic chemicals. According to researchers on alternative lice treatments, one method for eliminating head lice that will not lead to resistant strains of lice is the use of hot air<\/a>, which desiccates the insects and eggs, killing them. In fact, recent research shows that the extra chemicals in lice shampoo are completely unnecessary. Researchers in Belgium, who studied \u00a0nit removal on 605 hairs from six different children, found that ordinary conditioners<\/a> are just as effective at removing lice. \u201cThere were no significant differences in measured forces between the ordinary conditioner and the commercial nit removal product,\u201d authors of the 2014 study published in the Journal of Medical Entomology<\/em><\/a> wrote. The researchers found that commercial nit removal products tested in that study did not seem to have any additional effect.<\/p>\n

For additional information on controlling head lice without toxic chemicals, see Beyond Pesticides\u2019 Head Lice Factsheet<\/a> or Getting Nit Picky About Head Lice<\/a>. See also our comprehensive page on head lice in our ManageSafe database<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Source: ACS Press Release<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Image: States highlighted in red contain the highly resistant lice. \u00a0 <\/small><\/em><\/p>\n

All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, August 20, 2015) Just as children go \u00a0back to school, research \u00a0finds that lice in 25 of 30 states in a \u00a0U.S. study have developed resistance to common over-the-counter treatments like permethrin, calling into questions the justification for exposing children to a neurotoxic and carcinogenic pesticide and elevating the need to consider nontoxic alternatives. The \u00a0research was presented Tuesday at the 250th National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS), by Kyong Yoon, Ph.D., of Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. Classified as a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, permethrin is \u201clikely carcinogenic\u201d and a suspected endocrine disruptor, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, and highly toxic to fish, aquatic animals, and bees. Dr. Yoon and his colleagues describe the threefold mutations that lice have developed over time due to the constant use of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. This new finding builds on his team\u2019s previous research, which found that 99.6% of lice are resistant to chemical treatment, adding weight to the fact that chemical treatments not only are unnecessary given effective least-toxic alternatives, but also are not able to provide the lice control that manufacturers claim. \u201cWe are the first group to collect lice samples from a large number of populations across the U.S.,\u201d […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,133,38,120,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-childrenschools","category-head-lice","category-permethrin","category-resistance","category-statelocal"],"yoast_head":"\nLice Found Resistant to Common Insecticide Treatment - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/08\/lice-found-resistant-to-common-insecticide-treatment\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lice Found Resistant to Common Insecticide Treatment - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, August 20, 2015) Just as children go \u00a0back to school, research \u00a0finds that lice in 25 of 30 states in a \u00a0U.S. study have developed resistance to common over-the-counter treatments like permethrin, calling into questions the justification for exposing children to a neurotoxic and carcinogenic pesticide and elevating the need to consider nontoxic alternatives. The \u00a0research was presented Tuesday at the 250th National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS), by Kyong Yoon, Ph.D., of Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. Classified as a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, permethrin is \u201clikely carcinogenic\u201d and a suspected endocrine disruptor, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, and highly toxic to fish, aquatic animals, and bees. Dr. Yoon and his colleagues describe the threefold mutations that lice have developed over time due to the constant use of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. 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The \u00a0research was presented Tuesday at the 250th National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS), by Kyong Yoon, Ph.D., of Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. Classified as a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, permethrin is \u201clikely carcinogenic\u201d and a suspected endocrine disruptor, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, and highly toxic to fish, aquatic animals, and bees. Dr. Yoon and his colleagues describe the threefold mutations that lice have developed over time due to the constant use of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. This new finding builds on his team\u2019s previous research, which found that 99.6% of lice are resistant to chemical treatment, adding weight to the fact that chemical treatments not only are unnecessary given effective least-toxic alternatives, but also are not able to provide the lice control that manufacturers claim. \u201cWe are the first group to collect lice samples from a large number of populations across the U.S.,\u201d […]","og_url":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/08\/lice-found-resistant-to-common-insecticide-treatment\/","og_site_name":"Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides\/","article_published_time":"2015-08-20T04:01:25+00:00","article_modified_time":"2015-08-20T13:28:31+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/LiceMapHR-300x218.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Beyond Pesticides","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ByondPesticides","twitter_site":"@ByondPesticides","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Beyond Pesticides","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/08\/lice-found-resistant-to-common-insecticide-treatment\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/08\/lice-found-resistant-to-common-insecticide-treatment\/"},"author":{"name":"Beyond Pesticides","@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#\/schema\/person\/1b5c0a0981b549cc5b628770073031f4"},"headline":"Lice Found Resistant to Common Insecticide Treatment","datePublished":"2015-08-20T04:01:25+00:00","dateModified":"2015-08-20T13:28:31+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/08\/lice-found-resistant-to-common-insecticide-treatment\/"},"wordCount":974,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/08\/lice-found-resistant-to-common-insecticide-treatment\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/08\/LiceMapHR-300x218.jpg","articleSection":["Children\/Schools","Head lice","Permethrin","Resistance","State\/Local"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/08\/lice-found-resistant-to-common-insecticide-treatment\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/08\/lice-found-resistant-to-common-insecticide-treatment\/","url":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/08\/lice-found-resistant-to-common-insecticide-treatment\/","name":"Lice Found Resistant to Common Insecticide Treatment - 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By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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