{"id":22471,"date":"2018-05-09T00:00:37","date_gmt":"2018-05-09T04:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=22471"},"modified":"2018-05-08T23:11:19","modified_gmt":"2018-05-09T03:11:19","slug":"researchers-delve-role-gut-bacteria-insect-resistance-pesticides","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2018\/05\/researchers-delve-role-gut-bacteria-insect-resistance-pesticides\/","title":{"rendered":"Researchers Delve into Role of Gut Bacteria in Insect Resistance to Pesticides"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-22595\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/download-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"330\" height=\"219\" \/>(<em>Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, May 9, 2018) An insect\u2019s gut microbiome plays an important role in conferring pesticide resistance, according to a new review published in the <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aesa\/article-abstract\/111\/3\/92\/4953025?redirectedFrom=fulltext\">Annals of the Entomological Society of America<\/a>. \u201cWhether you\u2019re looking at agricultural pests, household pests like cockroaches, or medical pests like disease-carrying mosquitoes, insects are great at adapting to whatever we throw at them, especially when it comes to different chemicals,\u201d said lead author Jose Pietri, Ph.D to <em>Entomology Today<\/em>. The review adds to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/infoservices\/pesticidesandyou\/Winter10-11\/resistance.pdf\">numerous ways pests can evade<\/a> the effects of chemical agriculture, reinforcing calls from recent studies showing that the best method of addressing this issue is to simply <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2018\/04\/scientists-determine-solution-herbicide-resistant-weeds-reduce-herbicide-use\/\">stop using synthetic pesticides and employ alternative pest management practices<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>The authors identify two overarching methods through which microbes help confer resistance to toxic pesticides. The first involves the pest accepting a physiological trade-off, where a pest is able to better withstand an insecticide at the cost of losing its ability to regulate certain gut bacterium. For instance, diamondback moths resistant to fipronil and chlorpyrifos are found to contain higher levels of <em>Lactobacillales<\/em>, <em>Pseudomonadales<\/em>, and <em>Xanthomonadales<\/em> bacteria than non-resistant moths. While this trade-off affects the fitness of the organism, alterations of the bacterial community the pest is exposed to can reinforce and strengthen the pest. For example, culex mosquitoes that contain resistant genes can increase the likelihood that they will survive to adulthood through infection of a certain fungal parasite called <em>Vavraia culicis.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The second method through which microbes could assist in conferring resistance to pests is directly through the bacterium. &#8220;There are several possible ways they can directly help insects deal with the toxins in insecticides, and one is a very direct mechanism whereby a toxin comes into the gut of an insect and, through enzymatic means, the microbes break it down and render it ineffective,\u201d said Dr. Pietri. A specific example cited by authors was the development of fenitrothion (an organophosphate insecticide) resistance in bean bugs. During the nymph stage of the pest, the bugs pick up a soil bacterium called <em>Burkholderia.<\/em> Although generally uncommon, certain strains of <em>Burkholderia <\/em>have the ability to break down fenitrothion. However, when the chemical is continuously sprayed onto soil, fenitrothion-resistant <em>Burkholderia <\/em>become more common, leading to a greater number of bean bugs picking up the resistant strain of the bacterium.<\/p>\n<p>This review underscores the variety of means insects can take advantage of in their environment to rapidly adapt to changing environmental factors. A <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/110\/15\/5806\">2013 study <\/a> underscores this ability, finding that the common practice of \u201cstacking\u201d two or more <em>Bacillus thuringiensis <\/em><em>(Bt) <\/em>toxins in genetically engineered plants did not work. Researchers assumed that pests resistant to the first <em>Bt<\/em> toxin would survive on the one-toxin plants, but die when consuming two-toxin plants because they had not yet developed resistance to the new formulation. However, pests selected for resistance to one toxin survived significantly better than caterpillars from a susceptible strain.<\/p>\n<p>In the field, whether insect or weed, pests develop resistance because those that don\u2019t die from toxic pesticide use develop some method to stop the chemical from causing it harm. <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2018\/04\/scientists-determine-solution-herbicide-resistant-weeds-reduce-herbicide-use\/\">A study published earlier this year in the journal <em>Nature Ecology and Evolution<\/em><\/a> found that the only tried and true method to reduce weed resistance was to eliminate the use of pesticides sprayed on target weeds.<\/p>\n<p>While this study may lead to attempts to halt resistance to chemical pesticides, investigations of how microbes interact with insect detoxification could provide insight into new methods of bioremediation, or ways to model how humans may respond to changes in gut bacterial composition. There is already amble evidence that pesticide use alters the diversity of microflora in the <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2016\/12\/pesticide-exposure-alters-bacterial-diversity-mouth\/\">human mouth<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2016\/02\/scientists-express-concern-over-widespread-use-of-glyphosate-based-herbicides\/\">gut<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>For more information about how chemical pesticides affect the human microbiome, see Beyond Pesticides\u2019 Pesticides and You article on <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/journal\/bp-37.2-su17-roundup-cited-final.pdf\">Monsanto\u2019s Roundup<\/a>, and the transcription of David Montgomery\u2019s Talk at the 35<sup>th<\/sup> National Pesticide Forum titled <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/journal\/bp-37.2-su17%20SustainingLife.pdf\">Sustaining Life: From Soil Microbiota to the Gut Microbiome<\/a>. Beyond Pesticides and the Organic Consumers Association <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2018\/05\/judge-rules-non-profits-can-sue-monsanto-misleading-safety-labeling-popular-herbicide-roundup\/\">have been given the green light<\/a> from a Washington, DC Superior Court judge to sue Monsanto based on the argument that glyphosate (Roundup) has adverse impact on the gut biome and resulting adverse health effects. And to read more about pest and weed resistance, see visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/genetic-engineering\/overview\">Genetic Engineering<\/a> webpage.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/aesa\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/aesa\/say009\/4953025\">Annals of the Entomological Society of America<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/entomologytoday.org\/2018\/04\/11\/gut-microbes-can-help-insects-beat-pesticides\/\">Entomology Today<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Beyond Pesticides, May 9, 2018) An insect\u2019s gut microbiome plays an important role in conferring pesticide resistance, according to a new review published in the Annals of the Entomological Society of America. \u201cWhether you\u2019re looking at agricultural pests, household pests like cockroaches, or medical pests like disease-carrying mosquitoes, insects are great at adapting to whatever we throw at them, especially when it comes to different chemicals,\u201d said lead author Jose Pietri, Ph.D to Entomology Today. The review adds to the numerous ways pests can evade the effects of chemical agriculture, reinforcing calls from recent studies showing that the best method of addressing this issue is to simply stop using synthetic pesticides and employ alternative pest management practices. The authors identify two overarching methods through which microbes help confer resistance to toxic pesticides. The first involves the pest accepting a physiological trade-off, where a pest is able to better withstand an insecticide at the cost of losing its ability to regulate certain gut bacterium. For instance, diamondback moths resistant to fipronil and chlorpyrifos are found to contain higher levels of Lactobacillales, Pseudomonadales, and Xanthomonadales bacteria than non-resistant moths. While this trade-off affects the fitness of the organism, alterations of the bacterial [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[249,370,68,120,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22471","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-agriculture","category-microbiome","category-monsanto","category-resistance","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Researchers Delve into Role of Gut Bacteria in Insect Resistance to Pesticides - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2018\/05\/researchers-delve-role-gut-bacteria-insect-resistance-pesticides\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Researchers Delve into Role of Gut Bacteria in Insect Resistance to Pesticides - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, May 9, 2018) An insect\u2019s gut microbiome plays an important role in conferring pesticide resistance, according to a new review published in the Annals of the Entomological Society of America. \u201cWhether you\u2019re looking at agricultural pests, household pests like cockroaches, or medical pests like disease-carrying mosquitoes, insects are great at adapting to whatever we throw at them, especially when it comes to different chemicals,\u201d said lead author Jose Pietri, Ph.D to Entomology Today. The review adds to the numerous ways pests can evade the effects of chemical agriculture, reinforcing calls from recent studies showing that the best method of addressing this issue is to simply stop using synthetic pesticides and employ alternative pest management practices. The authors identify two overarching methods through which microbes help confer resistance to toxic pesticides. The first involves the pest accepting a physiological trade-off, where a pest is able to better withstand an insecticide at the cost of losing its ability to regulate certain gut bacterium. For instance, diamondback moths resistant to fipronil and chlorpyrifos are found to contain higher levels of Lactobacillales, Pseudomonadales, and Xanthomonadales bacteria than non-resistant moths. While this trade-off affects the fitness of the organism, alterations of the bacterial [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2018\/05\/researchers-delve-role-gut-bacteria-insect-resistance-pesticides\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-05-09T04:00:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/download-300x168.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Beyond Pesticides\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ByondPesticides\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ByondPesticides\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Beyond Pesticides\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2018\/05\/researchers-delve-role-gut-bacteria-insect-resistance-pesticides\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2018\/05\/researchers-delve-role-gut-bacteria-insect-resistance-pesticides\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Beyond Pesticides\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#\/schema\/person\/1b5c0a0981b549cc5b628770073031f4\"},\"headline\":\"Researchers Delve into Role of Gut Bacteria in Insect Resistance to Pesticides\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-05-09T04:00:37+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2018\/05\/researchers-delve-role-gut-bacteria-insect-resistance-pesticides\/\"},\"wordCount\":752,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2018\/05\/researchers-delve-role-gut-bacteria-insect-resistance-pesticides\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/download-300x168.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Agriculture\",\"Microbiome\",\"Monsanto\",\"Resistance\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2018\/05\/researchers-delve-role-gut-bacteria-insect-resistance-pesticides\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2018\/05\/researchers-delve-role-gut-bacteria-insect-resistance-pesticides\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2018\/05\/researchers-delve-role-gut-bacteria-insect-resistance-pesticides\/\",\"name\":\"Researchers Delve into Role of Gut Bacteria in Insect Resistance to Pesticides - 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The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides) as a nonprofit membership organization in 1981, felt that without the existence of such an organized, national network, local, state and national pesticide policy would become, under chemical industry pressure, increasingly unresponsive to public health and environmental concerns. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions that affect them directly. We believe decisions should not be made for us by chemical companies or by decision-makers who either do not have all of the facts or refuse to consider them. Learn more about our work, read A Year in Review\u20142021, our accomplishments are your victories! Beyond Pesticides seeks to protect healthy air, water, land, and food for ourselves and future generations. By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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The review adds to the numerous ways pests can evade the effects of chemical agriculture, reinforcing calls from recent studies showing that the best method of addressing this issue is to simply stop using synthetic pesticides and employ alternative pest management practices. The authors identify two overarching methods through which microbes help confer resistance to toxic pesticides. The first involves the pest accepting a physiological trade-off, where a pest is able to better withstand an insecticide at the cost of losing its ability to regulate certain gut bacterium. For instance, diamondback moths resistant to fipronil and chlorpyrifos are found to contain higher levels of Lactobacillales, Pseudomonadales, and Xanthomonadales bacteria than non-resistant moths. 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