{"id":22632,"date":"2018-05-17T00:00:50","date_gmt":"2018-05-17T04:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=22632"},"modified":"2018-05-16T09:18:18","modified_gmt":"2018-05-16T13:18:18","slug":"research-shows-greenspace-biodiversity-protect-kids-asthma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2018\/05\/research-shows-greenspace-biodiversity-protect-kids-asthma\/","title":{"rendered":"Research Shows Greenspace and Biodiversity Protect Kids from Asthma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-22641\" src=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/images-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"291\" height=\"180\" \/>(<em>Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, May 17, 2018)\u00a0 Among the many reports of the salutary effects of nature on human health and well-being comes <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41477-018-0151-8\">new research demonstrating that children who live in \u201cgreen\u201d neighborhoods have reduced risk of developing asthma.<\/a> Researchers Jeroen Douwes, PhD and Geoffrey H. Donovan, PhD, of New Zealand\u2019s Massey University (Centre for Public Health Research) and the U.S. Forest Service, respectively, conducted the longitudinal study with New Zealand subjects born in 1998, following them until 2016. <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/children-living-in-green-neighbourhoods-are-less-likely-to-develop-asthma-96190\">The authors say<\/a> the study results \u201csuggest that exposure to greenness and vegetation diversity may be protective of asthma.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Of concern are the pesticides used in green spaces. See Beyond Pesticides&#8217; brochure, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/children\/asthma\/asthma%20brochure%20high%20res.pdf\">Asthma, Children, and Pesticides<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/children\/asthma\/spanish_asthma.pdf\">El Asma, los Ni\u00f1os y los Pesticidas: Lo que usted debe saber para proteger a su familia<\/a>.<em>\u00a0<\/em>Also, see\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/lawn\/factsheets\/Pesticide.children.dontmix.pdf\">Children and Pesticides Don&#8217;t Mix<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/workday\/2018\/04\/24\/why-companies-should-hire-for-potential-over-pedigree-qa-with-byron-auguste\/#4ea7b9a04349\">well-substantiated benefits of exposure to nature<\/a> \u2014 reduction of the experience of stress; reduction in production of cortisol (the \u201cstress\u201d hormone that is linked to weight gain, hypertension, cardiac disease, weakened immune function, and loss of bone density); improved mental health; better cognitive function; and lower\u00a0 BMI (body mass index) \u2014 this latest research evaluates the impact on children\u2019s risk for asthma.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/324991608_Vegetation_diversity_protects_against_childhood_asthma_results_from_a_large_New_Zealand_birth_cohort\">The research project<\/a> used a large database of individual-level information maintained by the New Zealand government (done anonymously and in a secure lab to protect children\u2019s privacy) to track children\u2019s living environments from birth to age 18, quantify the \u201cgreenness\u201d of those environments using satellite imagery and land-use data, and link to health records throughout each child\u2019s life. The study measured \u201cgreenness\u201d through a metric called the \u201cnormalized difference vegetation index,\u201d and used standard deviations from that to categorize the plant systems to which children were exposed. It also controlled for numerous factors that might have been co-contributors to outcomes, including socioeconomic status, education, ethnicity, and income.<\/p>\n<p>Project results show that not only is there benefit to growing up around green vegetation, but interestingly, that not all \u201cgreen\u201d has the same influence on asthma risk. Children living in greener areas were less likely to become asthmatic, but there was additional protective effect when the vegetation to which they were exposed was more diverse. The presence of more species apparently confers greater protection. And some land cover considered in the study \u2014 plants that are (in New Zealand) non-native, low-biodiversity species, such as exotic conifers and gorse \u2014 not only conferred no protection, but also, actually constituted a risk factor.<\/p>\n<p>The incidence, as well as the health and cost consequences, of asthma are considerable:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2117323\/\">334 million people are affected worldwide<\/a>. In \u201cdeveloped,\u201d English-speaking countries, such as the U.S., New Zealand, the UK, and Australia, approximately one in six people suffer from it. As the project investigators note, better prevention and treatment options are urgently needed. The decline in biodiversity around the world, due to impacts from climate change, pesticide use, and expansion of the human-made landscape and resultant habitat destruction, among other factors, is a growing environmental concern. This research suggests it may also be a growing public health threat.<\/p>\n<p>What explains the mechanism for this protective effect of exposure to diverse plants in kids\u2019 environment? One idea that has been advanced is the \u201chygiene hypothesis,\u201d which posits that optimal development of the human immune system requires exposure to a wide variety of microbes, especially early in life. It also suggests that reduced exposure to a multitude of microbes \u2014 whether by virtue of living without much in the way of greenscape in one\u2019s early surrounds, overexposure to antibiotics (medically or through diet), exposure to pesticides (environmentally or dietarily), anti-bacterials use (in personal care products, in particular), or perhaps simply living an \u00fcber-clean home \u2014 may make children more vulnerable to immunological diseases, such as asthma and allergies, via a less-well-developed immune system.<\/p>\n<p>This hygiene hypothesis could also explain why it is that children who grow up with siblings (especially multiple), or with animals (farm or pet), are less likely to become asthmatic. (The more \u201cbugs,\u201d it seems, the better.) Now, growing up with green biodiversity can be added to this list of protective factors. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/109\/21\/8334.short\">Studies have demonstrated<\/a> that people who live in more-biodiverse areas actually have a greater variety of microbes on their skin. (Remember that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/news-events\/news-releases\/nih-human-microbiome-project-defines-normal-bacterial-makeup-body\">humans contain, internally and externally, 10 times more microorganisms than human cells!<\/a>) A greater range of \u201cchallenges\u201d (i.e., exposure to a broad variety of microbes) to the human immune system in the early years of life appears to stimulate a healthy immune response, likely resulting in a more-robust immune system. The researchers do note that lower stress levels\u00a0and increased physical activity, both of which are associated with living proximate to green space, may be an additional explanation for the protective effects.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/asthma\">Beyond Pesticides has reviewed research on the relationship of pesticide use to asthma,<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/children-and-schools\/hazards-of-pesticides\">identified risks specific to children\u2019s health,<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/children\/asthma\/AsthmaBrochureCited.pdf\">makes suggestions to help protect children and others from pesticides<\/a> that increase the risk of developing the disease. There is need for research that would consider whether, within the frame of this study \u2014 the more \u201cgreen,\u201d the less risk of asthma \u2014 there is any differential risk for children exposed to landscapes managed with pesticides, herbicides, and\/or fungicides, and to those either entirely \u201cunmanaged\u201d or managed organically. For more information on children and pesticides, see Beyond Pesticides <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=22632&amp;action=edit\">webpage on hazards of pesticides for children&#8217;s health<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/children-living-in-green-neighbourhoods-are-less-likely-to-develop-asthma-96190\">https:\/\/theconversation.com\/children-living-in-green-neighbourhoods-are-less-likely-to-develop-asthma-96190<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Beyond Pesticides, May 17, 2018)\u00a0 Among the many reports of the salutary effects of nature on human health and well-being comes new research demonstrating that children who live in \u201cgreen\u201d neighborhoods have reduced risk of developing asthma. Researchers Jeroen Douwes, PhD and Geoffrey H. Donovan, PhD, of New Zealand\u2019s Massey University (Centre for Public Health Research) and the U.S. Forest Service, respectively, conducted the longitudinal study with New Zealand subjects born in 1998, following them until 2016. The authors say the study results \u201csuggest that exposure to greenness and vegetation diversity may be protective of asthma.\u201d Of concern are the pesticides used in green spaces. See Beyond Pesticides&#8217; brochure, Asthma, Children, and Pesticides\u00a0and\u00a0El Asma, los Ni\u00f1os y los Pesticidas: Lo que usted debe saber para proteger a su familia.\u00a0Also, see\u00a0Children and Pesticides Don&#8217;t Mix. In addition to the well-substantiated benefits of exposure to nature \u2014 reduction of the experience of stress; reduction in production of cortisol (the \u201cstress\u201d hormone that is linked to weight gain, hypertension, cardiac disease, weakened immune function, and loss of bone density); improved mental health; better cognitive function; and lower\u00a0 BMI (body mass index) \u2014 this latest research evaluates the impact on children\u2019s risk for asthma. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,102,352,371,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-alternativesorganics","category-asthma","category-biodiversity","category-children","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Research Shows Greenspace and Biodiversity Protect Kids from Asthma - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2018\/05\/research-shows-greenspace-biodiversity-protect-kids-asthma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Research Shows Greenspace and Biodiversity Protect Kids from Asthma - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, May 17, 2018)\u00a0 Among the many reports of the salutary effects of nature on human health and well-being comes new research demonstrating that children who live in \u201cgreen\u201d neighborhoods have reduced risk of developing asthma. Researchers Jeroen Douwes, PhD and Geoffrey H. Donovan, PhD, of New Zealand\u2019s Massey University (Centre for Public Health Research) and the U.S. Forest Service, respectively, conducted the longitudinal study with New Zealand subjects born in 1998, following them until 2016. The authors say the study results \u201csuggest that exposure to greenness and vegetation diversity may be protective of asthma.\u201d Of concern are the pesticides used in green spaces. See Beyond Pesticides&#8217; brochure, Asthma, Children, and Pesticides\u00a0and\u00a0El Asma, los Ni\u00f1os y los Pesticidas: Lo que usted debe saber para proteger a su familia.\u00a0Also, see\u00a0Children and Pesticides Don&#8217;t Mix. In addition to the well-substantiated benefits of exposure to nature \u2014 reduction of the experience of stress; reduction in production of cortisol (the \u201cstress\u201d hormone that is linked to weight gain, hypertension, cardiac disease, weakened immune function, and loss of bone density); improved mental health; better cognitive function; and lower\u00a0 BMI (body mass index) \u2014 this latest research evaluates the impact on children\u2019s risk for asthma. 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Researchers Jeroen Douwes, PhD and Geoffrey H. Donovan, PhD, of New Zealand\u2019s Massey University (Centre for Public Health Research) and the U.S. Forest Service, respectively, conducted the longitudinal study with New Zealand subjects born in 1998, following them until 2016. The authors say the study results \u201csuggest that exposure to greenness and vegetation diversity may be protective of asthma.\u201d Of concern are the pesticides used in green spaces. See Beyond Pesticides&#8217; brochure, Asthma, Children, and Pesticides\u00a0and\u00a0El Asma, los Ni\u00f1os y los Pesticidas: Lo que usted debe saber para proteger a su familia.\u00a0Also, see\u00a0Children and Pesticides Don&#8217;t Mix. In addition to the well-substantiated benefits of exposure to nature \u2014 reduction of the experience of stress; reduction in production of cortisol (the \u201cstress\u201d hormone that is linked to weight gain, hypertension, cardiac disease, weakened immune function, and loss of bone density); improved mental health; better cognitive function; and lower\u00a0 BMI (body mass index) \u2014 this latest research evaluates the impact on children\u2019s risk for asthma. 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