{"id":24096,"date":"2019-01-16T00:00:27","date_gmt":"2019-01-16T04:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=24096"},"modified":"2019-01-16T10:53:41","modified_gmt":"2019-01-16T14:53:41","slug":"western-monarchs-experienced-catastrophic-declines-over-the-last-year","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2019\/01\/western-monarchs-experienced-catastrophic-declines-over-the-last-year\/","title":{"rendered":"Western Monarchs Experience Catastrophic Declines Over the Last Year"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"(Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, January 16, 2019) Preliminary counts in California indicate the western monarch butterfly population dropped 86% from 2017 to 2018. The survey is a result of an annual effort<\/a> by volunteer citizen scientists, organized by the nonprofit organization Xerces Society<\/a>. If the trend from the initial sample (97 sites) holds true, the population of overwintering butterflies is estimated to be less than 30,000 \u2013 0.05% of its historical size. Full and vetted results will be published in late January.<\/p>\n

To get an accurate count of monarch populations, volunteers follow a monitoring guide<\/a>, which recommends beginning a count on a still, cool, and dry morning so that monarchs are still clustered together. Volunteers count a small cluster of monarchs and then extrapolate that number to arrive at a total for the larger cluster they\u2019re observing. Citizen science has been crucial to understanding the decline of monarchs and insects worldwide. As covered by The\u00a0New York Times<\/em>, the current \u201cInsect Apocalypse<\/a>\u201d has largely been documented by volunteers.<\/p>\n

The dismal numbers recorded this year are potentially disastrous, as the predicted extinction threshold for overwintering western monarchs is a population of 30,000. However this threshold, based on population densities needed for thermoregulation and mating during winter, will only be verified once the western monarch\u2019s yearly migration patterns cease. And at that point it will likely be too late to save the wild population.<\/p>\n

Using statistical analysis of citizen science data, a 2017<\/a> study posited the extinction risk of monarch butterflies in western North America to be ~50-70% within 20 years, and ~65-85% within 50 years. The precarious situation of the butterfly population can be attributed to both recent events and long-term stressors, including pesticide use.<\/p>\n

To start, western monarch breeding populations in March and April were historically low. Art Shapiro, PhD, a distinguished professor of evolution and ecology at the University of California, Davis, noted in September 2018, \u201cI have not seen a wild egg or caterpillar of the monarch this entire calendar year at low elevations. Not one<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

The weather in California was less than favorable, beginning with late rainy season storms in March. A severe and extended wildfire season \u2013 the most destructive on record \u2013 caused a smoky atmosphere and reduced habitat. The historic drought that established conditions for the massive wildfires had a negative impact on butterfly populations in its own right.<\/p>\n

Overall, the western monarch population has declined by 95% since the 1980\u2019s. Significant contributors to the dramatic decline are habitat loss, pesticide use (both insecticides<\/a> and herbicides<\/a>), and climate change.<\/p>\n

As we confront the potential extinction of western monarchs, a swift and drastic response is necessary. In 2017, a number of environmental groups urged the Trump Administration to expand protections and efforts<\/a> for monarch butterflies. The administration has not responded to this call to action, and continues to roll back federal protections<\/a>.\u00a0 Interior Department Deputy Secretary David Bernhardt has referred to the implementation of the Endangered Species Act<\/em> (ESA) as an \u201cunnecessary regulatory burden\u201d<\/a> on citizens and companies. Regardless, advocates say it is important to keep placing pressure on elected officials, especially those at the local level, to protect biodiversity.<\/p>\n

The Xerces Society states, \u201cKey areas to focus habitat protection and restoration efforts include overwintering sites and breeding habitat in California, particularly the Central Valley and foothills. Elsewhere in the western states, important breeding grounds for monarchs can be found in eastern Washington and parts of Oregon, as well as the Snake River Plain of Idaho, areas where habitat has likely been lost.\u201d<\/p>\n

Crucial to long-term recovery of monarchs and other pollinators is comprehensive adoption of organic land care practices. Agricultural lands comprise 77% of all prospective monarch habitat and are therefore critical to foster pesticide-free habitat for pollinator populations. As it stands, many agricultural fields employ a range of toxic pesticides, such as systemic neonicotinoid insecticides, which make the pollen and nectar of plants toxic to pollinators, or genetically engineered crops, which tolerate repeated glyphosate exposure and through drift indirectly lead to the loss of milkweed on which monarchs depend.<\/p>\n

Beyond Pesticides has many resources that support monarchs and other declining pollinator populations on the individual level, including\u00a0Managing Landscapes with Pollinators in Mind<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Hedgerows for Biodiversity: Habitat is needed to protect pollinators, other beneficial organisms, and healthy ecosystems<\/a>. \u00a0You can also visit the\u00a0BEE Protective Habitat Guide<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Do-It-Yourself Biodiversity<\/a>.<\/p>\n

All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\n

Source: Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, January 16, 2019) Preliminary counts in California indicate the western monarch butterfly population dropped 86% from 2017 to 2018. The survey is a result of an annual effort by volunteer citizen scientists, organized by the nonprofit organization Xerces Society. If the trend from the initial sample (97 sites) holds true, the population of overwintering butterflies is estimated to be less than 30,000 \u2013 0.05% of its historical size. Full and vetted results will be published in late January. To get an accurate count of monarch populations, volunteers follow a monitoring guide, which recommends beginning a count on a still, cool, and dry morning so that monarchs are still clustered together. Volunteers count a small cluster of monarchs and then extrapolate that number to arrive at a total for the larger cluster they\u2019re observing. Citizen science has been crucial to understanding the decline of monarchs and insects worldwide. As covered by The\u00a0New York Times, the current \u201cInsect Apocalypse\u201d has largely been documented by volunteers. The dismal numbers recorded this year are potentially disastrous, as the predicted extinction threshold for overwintering western monarchs is a population of 30,000. However this threshold, based on population densities needed for thermoregulation and mating […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41,328,93,1,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-glyphosate","category-neonicotinoids","category-pollinators","category-uncategorized","category-wildlifeenvironment"],"yoast_head":"\nWestern Monarchs Experience Catastrophic Declines Over the Last Year - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2019\/01\/western-monarchs-experienced-catastrophic-declines-over-the-last-year\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Western Monarchs Experience Catastrophic Declines Over the Last Year - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, January 16, 2019) Preliminary counts in California indicate the western monarch butterfly population dropped 86% from 2017 to 2018. The survey is a result of an annual effort by volunteer citizen scientists, organized by the nonprofit organization Xerces Society. If the trend from the initial sample (97 sites) holds true, the population of overwintering butterflies is estimated to be less than 30,000 \u2013 0.05% of its historical size. Full and vetted results will be published in late January. To get an accurate count of monarch populations, volunteers follow a monitoring guide, which recommends beginning a count on a still, cool, and dry morning so that monarchs are still clustered together. Volunteers count a small cluster of monarchs and then extrapolate that number to arrive at a total for the larger cluster they\u2019re observing. Citizen science has been crucial to understanding the decline of monarchs and insects worldwide. As covered by The\u00a0New York Times, the current \u201cInsect Apocalypse\u201d has largely been documented by volunteers. 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The survey is a result of an annual effort by volunteer citizen scientists, organized by the nonprofit organization Xerces Society. If the trend from the initial sample (97 sites) holds true, the population of overwintering butterflies is estimated to be less than 30,000 \u2013 0.05% of its historical size. Full and vetted results will be published in late January. To get an accurate count of monarch populations, volunteers follow a monitoring guide, which recommends beginning a count on a still, cool, and dry morning so that monarchs are still clustered together. Volunteers count a small cluster of monarchs and then extrapolate that number to arrive at a total for the larger cluster they\u2019re observing. Citizen science has been crucial to understanding the decline of monarchs and insects worldwide. As covered by The\u00a0New York Times, the current \u201cInsect Apocalypse\u201d has largely been documented by volunteers. The dismal numbers recorded this year are potentially disastrous, as the predicted extinction threshold for overwintering western monarchs is a population of 30,000. 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