{"id":27734,"date":"2020-09-25T00:01:39","date_gmt":"2020-09-25T04:01:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=27734"},"modified":"2020-09-24T23:11:04","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T03:11:04","slug":"where-do-pesticides-banned-in-europe-go-mostly-to-poorer-countries-while-two-thirds-of-those-sent-to-richer-counties-head-for-the-u-s","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2020\/09\/where-do-pesticides-banned-in-europe-go-mostly-to-poorer-countries-while-two-thirds-of-those-sent-to-richer-counties-head-for-the-u-s\/","title":{"rendered":"Where Do Pesticides Banned in Europe Go? Mostly to Poorer Countries, While Two-Thirds of Those Sent to Richer Counties Head for the U.S."},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"(Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, September 25, 2020)\u00a0An investigation has revealed<\/a> that companies in the United Kingdom (UK), as well as in some European Union (EU) countries, are exporting massive amounts of pesticides \u2014 banned in their own jurisdictions \u2014 to poorer countries. More than 89,000 (U.S.) tons of such pesticides were exported in 2018, largely to countries where toxic pesticide use\u00a0poses the greatest risks<\/a>.\u00a0The UK has been the largest exporter (15,000+ tons, or 40% of the total in 2018); other significant exporters include the Netherlands, France, Spain, German, Switzerland, and Belgium. Among the countries receiving the bulk of these dangerous pesticides are Brazil, South Africa, Mexico, Indonesia, and Ukraine. Despite a flurry of attention to this problem in the U.S. in the early 2000s, little has changed, worldwide, to stop this practice of selling domestically banned pesticide products to parts of the world that continue to allow their use. This is an unethical practice that compounds the risks to workers in developing countries, who already endure heighted threats to health<\/a> and local ecosystems.<\/p>\n

The investigation was conducted by Unearthed<\/a>, a Greenpeace UK journalism arm, and Public Eye<\/a>, a Swiss NGO (non-governmental organization) that investigates human rights abuses by Swiss companies. The collaborators discovered that in 2018, these exported pesticides were sold to 85 different countries, 75% of which were low- and middle-income countries \u2014 many in the global south. The report notes that<\/a>, \u201cTwo-thirds of the . . . exports to richer nations were destined for one place: the U.S., which has some of the most permissive pesticide regulations among high-income countries and\u00a0is itself a major exporter of banned agrochemicals to LMICs<\/a>. . . . Swiss-based, Chinese-owned Syngenta was by far the biggest exporter of banned agrochemicals among manufacturers.\u201d<\/p>\n

The EU, with its 28 member states, has the most-protective<\/a> and comprehensive pesticide regulations of any major agricultural producer. But as the EU moves ahead<\/a> on increased regulation and bans of pesticide products it deems dangerous for human health and\/or the environment in its member countries, it simultaneously is adding to the number of banned pesticide products it allows for export. Nina Holland, an advocate with the Brussels-based NGO Corporate Europe Observatory, said:<\/a> \u201cThe fact that this practice is only set to increase, with new chemicals including pollinator-killing substances like fipronil being added to the list, is completely in contradiction with the new [European] Commission\u2019s ambitions when it comes to reducing the harm done by pesticides.\u201d<\/p>\n

Unearthed notes that<\/a>, \u201cLoopholes in European law mean chemical companies like Bayer and Syngenta can continue making pesticides for export long after they have been banned from use in the EU to protect the environment or the health of its citizens.\u201d The companies and countries that sell these banned products insist that countries have the right and ability to control what pesticides can be used in their jurisdictions.<\/p>\n

But public health and environmental advocates, as well as U.N. officials<\/a>, insist that sales of pesticides known to be so dangerous as to be banned by wealthier, generally Western countries, constitute a double standard based on placement of a \u201clower value on lives and ecosystems in poorer countries.\u201d Spokesperson for the\u00a0Permanent Campaign Against Pesticides and for Life<\/a>, Alan Tygel, cut to the chase: \u201cIf a pesticide is banned for causing cancer in the EU it will cause the same problems in Brazilian people.\u201d<\/p>\n

Indeed, prior to the release of the Unearthed\/Public Eye report, UN special rapporteur on toxics Baskut Tuncak said, in a statement endorsed by 35 other experts<\/a> on the UN Human Rights Council: \u201cWealthier nations often create \u2018double standards\u2019 that allow the trade and use of banned chemicals in parts of the world where regulations are less strict.\u201d\u00a0[The statement] added that the \u201c\u2018racialised nature of these standards cannot be ignored\u2019 as the dangers were \u2018externalised\u2019 to \u2018communities of African descent and other people of colour.\u2019 This shifting of the dangers posed by toxic chemicals to communities of colour was a \u2018grave concern\u2019 that could also be found within rich countries, with \u2018respect to the siting of polluting industries and the dumping of hazardous waste. In nearly every case there is no legitimate public interest justification. These loopholes are a political concession to industry, allowing their chemical manufacturers to profit from inevitably poisoned workers and communities abroad, all the while importing cheaper products through global supply chains and fueling unsustainable consumption and production patterns. It is long-overdue that states stop this exploitation.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

Mr. Tuncak previously called out pesticide companies<\/a> doing business in Switzerland during a review of the pesticide impacts in the country, saying that \u201cpesticide companies\u2019 behavior is \u2018seriously deficient\u2019 regarding human rights (especially those of children), and that the Swiss government should act more aggressively to phase out use of these hazardous chemicals.\u201d<\/p>\n

The preponderance of the 2018 UK exports were products containing paraquat<\/a>, Syngenta\u2019s herbicide that not only is acutely toxic \u2014 even the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) acknowledges that a sip of this Restricted Use pesticide can be fatal<\/a> \u2014 but also, is linked to numerous health problems<\/a>, including reproductive, neurotoxic, and renal and hepatic impacts; is toxic to birds, fish, and bees; and is a likely carcinogen. Tragically, toxic pesticides have come to be a significant method of attempted suicide<\/a> in poorer countries, such as China and India \u2014 and Sri Lanka, until the country acted in the 1990s to ban import of many of the most dangerous pesticides. The suicide rate in that country fell, after those bans, by 50% between 1995 and 2005, and after a second round of restrictions between 2008 and 2011 (including a ban on paraquat), fell again by another 21% between 2011 and 2015.<\/p>\n

U.S. companies also participate in this export practice, as Beyond Pesticides began noting more than 15 years ago (see here<\/a> and here<\/a>). In the U.S. it is legal, even when dangerous pesticides have been banned or highly restricted by EPA, for companies to continue to sell them abroad.<\/p>\n

Truthout<\/em> captures the situation:<\/a> \u201cWhen the federal government bans a pesticide, pro-industry loopholes allow agrochemical companies to recoup lost profits by manufacturing the same pesticide for use abroad. . . . With no comprehensive global regulatory framework to guide policy for transport, storage and use, the U.S. consciously subjects vulnerable agricultural workers overseas to chemicals known to cause harm and death, and widens international dependence of agriculture on pesticides. Every registered pesticide has a \u2018tolerance\u2019 . . . how much residue can remain on a food product before it is deemed unsafe for human consumption. Pesticides deemed too dangerous or unregistered with the EPA cannot be sold in the U.S. . . . While the U.S. is required to inform countries when a pesticide is not registered in the U.S., there is no assurance that the receiving official will forward the data to the user of the chemical. Agrochemical companies can satisfy labeling requirements simply by placing labels on shipping containers rather than on the product container. . . . Given the reality of how these pesticides are actually used (without appropriate protective equipment, lack of proper disposal, etc.), halting exportation is critical.\u201c<\/p>\n

The pesticides that U.S. companies export can even end up in the U.S. food supply<\/a> when pesticide manufacturers whose chemicals fail to maintain EPA approval and registration at home, continue to produce these dangerous products and sell them abroad. Many of these pesticides end up in the domestic food supply when crops grown in those countries are exported to the U.S., threatening public health and safety both at home and abroad. The bigger-scale problem is what these toxic exports do to people and ecosystems in recipient countries. More than a decade ago, Beyond Pesticides wrote about the dangers of pesticides to farmworkers in \u201cdeveloping\u201d countries<\/a>: \u201cEach year, millions of developing world farmers are poisoned by pesticides, many of which are banned or strictly controlled in the West.\u201d<\/p>\n

Way back in 2002, an investigator for the U.N. Commission on Human Rights, Fatma Zora Ouchachi-Vesely, called the U.S. practice of exporting to other countries harmful pesticides that are banned in the U.S. \u201cimmoral<\/a>.\u201d Government officials told her that international free-trade agreements \u201callow for pesticides be exported without regulation to countries that demand them, whether or not they are banned within the United States.\u201d<\/p>\n

Such demand, some NGOs claim, is the result of promotional campaigns by companies that profit from pesticide sales. Ms. Vesely noted that users of these pesticide products are not well informed<\/a> about them: not only do the recipient countries often not have the capacity to get appropriate information to users, but also, when these chemical products are sold \u201con the ground\u201d in recipient countries, they often have no or insufficient labeling, or labels are not translated to local languages. Ms. Vesely added, \u201cEven if something is marked ‘poison’ it tends to be shipped in large amounts, then transferred to smaller containers without proper labeling for local sale and use. And the people actually using the products often cannot read anyway.\u201d<\/p>\n

A 2015 documentary film, \u201cCircle of Poison<\/a>\u201d (which features Beyond Pesticides Executive Director Jay Feldman and luminaries such as Vandana Shiva, Noam Chomsky, and President Jimmy Carter), focuses on this toxic export issue. Mr. Feldman identifies the crux of the issue here in the U.S.: \u201cPesticides, known toxicants, are registered by EPA with the understanding that they can be used only in compliance with label instructions; the label is the law. However, when pesticides are exported, neither EPA nor any other federal agencies make any effort to determine whether the destination countries have the infrastructure to ensure enforcement of restrictions. When I was in Haiti, I saw U.S.-banned pesticides being sold in bags with no product labeling, or accompanying instructions, precautions, restrictions, etc. This means that the risk calculations that EPA makes, as weak as they are, do not even apply<\/em> to use of these chemicals that lack labeling information. Use of these highly toxic substances ought to be governed by an enforcement system that controls their use. The widespread use of such pesticides with so few controls has direct adverse effects on people and the environment in the recipient countries, and has dire global impacts.\u201d<\/p>\n

A recent Daily News Blog entry<\/a> covered the phenomenon of toxic pesticides, both in current use and banned, being released from the surfaces of Arctic glaciers as those glaciers melt in a warming atmosphere. This represents another chapter in the chronicle of problems related to wanton pesticide use, and underscores the pressing need for better pesticide policies worldwide \u2014 especially when a toxic pesticide is\u00a0banned for use in a given nation or jurisdiction, but not for production and export to other countries<\/a>.<\/p>\n

A related, global issue is the \u201cchemical time bomb\u201d problem of waste from banned pesticides in various countries, as Beyond Pesticides covered in 2018<\/a> (as well as in 2004<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0again nearly a decade ago).<\/a> \u201cStockpiles have accumulated because some products have been banned for health or environmental reasons, leaving stocks (aka waste) that are often stored inadequately, and which deteriorate and migrate to contaminate the environment and put people at risk. Those affected are very often in poor, rural communities that may be unaware of the threat in their midst.\u201d<\/p>\n

One might reasonably wonder: are any governments tackling this matter? Congress made an attempt<\/a> \u2014 in 1991<\/em> \u2014 to address this issue with the Circle of Poison Prevention Act. Introduced by Senator Patrick Leahy of Vermont, the bill would have put strict controls on exports of hazardous chemicals, but was ultimately unsuccessful. Advocates maintain that the U.S. must revisit and remedy this dangerous problem, and must also cease the practice of pressuring other countries to weaken their own pesticide regulations. The most recent example of that was the collaboration of the U.S. government<\/a> with the agrochemical giant Bayer in pressuring Thailand to abandon its plan to ban glyphosate<\/a>. The country ultimately succumbed to pressure<\/a>, and rather than banning glyphosate, chlorpyrifos<\/a>, and paraquat<\/a>, restricted glyphosate use and delayed enforcement of bans on the other two toxic pesticides.<\/p>\n

France will, in 2022, become the first EU country to prohibit the export of banned pesticides<\/a>. A spokesperson for the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management has said<\/a> that the Netherlands plans to use an upcoming meeting with other European environment ministers to \u201cexplore a European export ban for these substances,\u201d adding that global ban was needed because, absent that, manufacturers will just switch to other exporting countries in response to a patchwork of national bans. The point underscores Beyond Pesticides argument that stricter regulation and, ideally, bans of toxic pesticides need to happen at the highest governmental levels because industry, like water, will always find a path around obstacles such as state or local prohibitions.<\/p>\n

Mr. Tuncak asserts a bolder approach<\/a> for the countries included in the report, saying, \u201cThe European Union as a whole needs to demonstrate leadership to other countries around the world on this issue. From there I think we can move towards an even broader consensus on ending this abhorrent practice of discrimination and exploitation.\u201d<\/p>\n

Beyond Pesticides\u2019 commitment to agricultural justice<\/a>, as well as to human rights, protection of farmworkers<\/a>, and public and ecosystem health includes the legal export of dangerous pesticide products to other countries. Advocacy for a far-less-toxic world must include action on this discriminatory and unethical practice, which endangers wealthier nations when tainted crops return to their shores, but critically, has disproportionate impacts on poor nations and the people of color who live in many of them. So-called \u201cfirst world\u201d nations must enact controls over this practice, and support stronger controls and better pesticide education in less-well-resourced countries.<\/p>\n

Source: https:\/\/unearthed.greenpeace.org\/2020\/09\/10\/banned-pesticides-eu-export-poor-countries\/<\/a><\/p>\n

All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, September 25, 2020)\u00a0An investigation has revealed that companies in the United Kingdom (UK), as well as in some European Union (EU) countries, are exporting massive amounts of pesticides \u2014 banned in their own jurisdictions \u2014 to poorer countries. More than 89,000 (U.S.) tons of such pesticides were exported in 2018, largely to countries where toxic pesticide use\u00a0poses the greatest risks.\u00a0The UK has been the largest exporter (15,000+ tons, or 40% of the total in 2018); other significant exporters include the Netherlands, France, Spain, German, Switzerland, and Belgium. Among the countries receiving the bulk of these dangerous pesticides are Brazil, South Africa, Mexico, Indonesia, and Ukraine. Despite a flurry of attention to this problem in the U.S. in the early 2000s, little has changed, worldwide, to stop this practice of selling domestically banned pesticide products to parts of the world that continue to allow their use. This is an unethical practice that compounds the risks to workers in developing countries, who already endure heighted threats to health and local ecosystems. The investigation was conducted by Unearthed, a Greenpeace UK journalism arm, and Public Eye, a Swiss NGO (non-governmental organization) that investigates human rights abuses by Swiss companies. The collaborators […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60,354,6,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-justice","category-environmental-protection-agency-epa","category-international","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nWhere Do Pesticides Banned in Europe Go? 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The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides) as a nonprofit membership organization in 1981, felt that without the existence of such an organized, national network, local, state and national pesticide policy would become, under chemical industry pressure, increasingly unresponsive to public health and environmental concerns. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions that affect them directly. We believe decisions should not be made for us by chemical companies or by decision-makers who either do not have all of the facts or refuse to consider them. Learn more about our work, read A Year in Review\u20142021, our accomplishments are your victories! Beyond Pesticides seeks to protect healthy air, water, land, and food for ourselves and future generations. 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Mostly to Poorer Countries, While Two-Thirds of Those Sent to Richer Counties Head for the U.S. - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog","og_description":"(Beyond Pesticides, September 25, 2020)\u00a0An investigation has revealed that companies in the United Kingdom (UK), as well as in some European Union (EU) countries, are exporting massive amounts of pesticides \u2014 banned in their own jurisdictions \u2014 to poorer countries. More than 89,000 (U.S.) tons of such pesticides were exported in 2018, largely to countries where toxic pesticide use\u00a0poses the greatest risks.\u00a0The UK has been the largest exporter (15,000+ tons, or 40% of the total in 2018); other significant exporters include the Netherlands, France, Spain, German, Switzerland, and Belgium. Among the countries receiving the bulk of these dangerous pesticides are Brazil, South Africa, Mexico, Indonesia, and Ukraine. Despite a flurry of attention to this problem in the U.S. in the early 2000s, little has changed, worldwide, to stop this practice of selling domestically banned pesticide products to parts of the world that continue to allow their use. This is an unethical practice that compounds the risks to workers in developing countries, who already endure heighted threats to health and local ecosystems. The investigation was conducted by Unearthed, a Greenpeace UK journalism arm, and Public Eye, a Swiss NGO (non-governmental organization) that investigates human rights abuses by Swiss companies. 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