{"id":29511,"date":"2021-07-13T00:01:10","date_gmt":"2021-07-13T04:01:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=29511"},"modified":"2021-07-12T20:17:59","modified_gmt":"2021-07-13T00:17:59","slug":"conservation-genomics-pinpoint-pesticides-and-pathogens-in-decline-of-bumblebees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/07\/conservation-genomics-pinpoint-pesticides-and-pathogens-in-decline-of-bumblebees\/","title":{"rendered":"Conservation Genomics Pinpoint Pesticides and Pathogens in Decline of Bumblebees"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>(<em>Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, July 13, 2021) Bumblebees exposed to pesticides and pathogens display changes in gene expression that can be pinpointed and analyzed by cutting edge research tools, according to <a href=\"https:\/\/news.yorku.ca\/2021\/07\/06\/next-generation-sequencing-uncovers-whats-stressing-bumblebees\/\">scientists at York university<\/a>, who utilized the new technique in a study published in <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mec.16049\">Molecular Ecology<\/a>. This form of next-generation gene sequencing is part of a growing field of science known as conservation genomics, in which entire animal genomes are sequenced to determine conservation problems. \u201cNext-generation sequencing is a totally new way to think about why bees are declining, which could revolutionize conservation biology,\u201d says study coauthor Amro Zayed, PhD, associate professor in biology at York. \u201cWe\u2019re looking directly at bee tissues\u00a0 to try and get clues to the stressors that are affecting this bee. I think this is a gamechanger for sure. With a single study, we are able to implicate a couple of really obvious things we\u2019ve talked about for years \u2013 pathogens and pesticides \u2013 in the case of <em>Bombus terricola<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Researchers focused on <em>Bombus terricola<\/em> \u2013 the yellow banded bumblebee, as its range has declined significantly over the last two decades. The bumblebee was once common throughout the eastern and midwestern part of the U.S. and Canada, but many states have not recorded a single sighting in years.<\/p>\n<p>To determine what environmental stressors were affecting bumblebee gene expression, worker bees were found and collected in Southern Ontario. Eighteen bees were collected from agricultural sites while 12 were from nonagricultural areas; only 30 workers were collected in total in order to lessen the impact on the overall population. The gene analysis was conducted, and able to qualify nearly 9,500 gene expressions in bumblebee guts.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers discovered 61 differentially expressed genes, including those involved in detoxification, as well as those associated with neurodegenerative disorders and immune response. Most of these effects were discovered in bees found in agricultural areas. Bumblebee gene expressions were then compared to how honey bee genes respond when exposed to stressors in the lab (most research available on bee stressors have focused on honey bees). Overlap between the differentially expressed genes analyzed by the next generation sequencing and previous honey bee research found statistically significant overlap in a number of concerning areas. Bumblebees display gene expressions that are associated with exposure to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/bee-protective-pollinators-and-pesticides\/bee-protective\">neonicotinoid insecticides<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-gateway?pesticideid=34\">fipronil<\/a>, and a range of pathogens, including deformed wing virus and sacbrood virus.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBumblebee diseases are a key threat and this technology can help us detect new diseases and stressors quickly so we don&#8217;t lose species the way we did the rusty-patched bumblebee, where the problem was only detected when it was too late to do anything about it in Canada,\u201d says coauthor Sheila Colla, PhD, associate professor in conservation science at York. \u201cThe rusty-patched bumblebee hasn\u2019t been spotted in Canada since 2009.\u201d In the U.S., the rusty-patched bumblebee was <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2017\/03\/rusty-patched-bumblebee-listed-endangered\/\">listed as endangered in 2017<\/a>, as populations have declined by an estimated 91% from its levels in the 1990s.<\/p>\n<p>This new approach to conservation genomics allows for quick investigation of stressors occurring in the field. \u201cIt bypasses all these lengthy experiments we\u2019d have to do to get ideas about what\u2019s causing the bumblebees demise,\u201d said Dr. Zayed. The present study provides confirmation that bumblebees are being exposed and affected by toxic pesticides. It provides evidence for the idea that pathogens from managed bumblebee and honey bee colonies are spilling over into wild pollinator populations.<\/p>\n<p>Previous research has found that the combined effect of pesticides and pathogens result in greater harm to pollinators. <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2015\/04\/neonicotinoids-adversely-affect-biodiversity-according-to-new-report\/\">A 2015 report<\/a> by the European Academies Science Advisory Council <a href=\"http:\/\/www.interacademies.org\/27069\/Ecosystem-services-agriculture-and-neonicotinoids\">found<\/a>, \u201cSeveral studies have demonstrated synergistic effects of neonicotinoid residues with bee parasites and viruses. Some effects are behavioral (e.g. blocking the ability of bees to sterilize the colony and their food). Others appear related to limiting the immune response leading either to earlier infection or to increased mortality from infection. Very recent work has shown that the limitation of the immune response after exposure to neonicotinoids can promote viral replication, allowing covert infections to become overt. Such effects reduce honey bee survival and increase developmental deformities. In view of the emphasis placed by some reviewers on assigning honey bee losses to diseases and parasites, this is a critical issue.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While the European Union acted on this information to suspend and then eventually ban the outdoor use of neonicotinoid insecticides and fipronil due to pollinator risks, U.S. regulators have done little to address pollinator declines, and earlier this year <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ctvnews.ca\/climate-and-environment\/canada-rejects-outright-ban-on-bee-killing-pesticides-1.5370556\">Canadian regulators began to backtrack<\/a> on their proposal to prohibit use.<\/p>\n<p>With overwhelming evidence that pollinators are being harmed by these pesticides, the public continues to watch in real time as critically important species of wild pollinators slowly fade out of existence. In addition to the rusty patched and yellow banded, the iconic American Bumblebee has lost 89% of its population over the last 20 years. Eastern monarchs have declined by 80% since the 1990s. Western monarch numbers are in the low thousands, and without change, trending toward extinction.<\/p>\n<p>Help pollinators by <a href=\"https:\/\/nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.everyaction.com%2Fiifhj5bJsEeJPgwdzoP69Q2%3Femci%3D535a4dca-11e1-eb11-a7ad-501ac57b8fa7%26emdi%3Dea000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001%26ceid%3D&amp;data=04%7C01%7Clclaydon%40beyondpesticides.org%7C9d73813b377540df0d6508d9433e8e85%7Cc752d38fe68a46fc83ee8e12479e74ad%7C0%7C0%7C637614758242551981%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&amp;sdata=LOHRXuYYTEHmrBwuj379I%2Fiu%2BYr8Gi%2B4854zOJ1h1JE%3D&amp;reserved=0\"><strong>calling on your elected representative in Congress to cosponsor the Saving America\u2019s Pollinators Act (SAPA). <\/strong><\/a>\u00a0If they are already a cosponsor, you\u2019ll be able to send a letter thanking them for their leadership on this critical issue. Please consider following up with a phone call in order to elevate this message to potential cosponsors. For more information on the importance of protecting pollinators from pesticides and other environmental stressors, see Beyond Pesticides\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/bee-protective-pollinators-and-pesticides\/bee-protective\">Bee Protective webpage<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/news.yorku.ca\/2021\/07\/06\/next-generation-sequencing-uncovers-whats-stressing-bumblebees\/\">York University press release<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/mec.16049\">Molecular Ecology<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Beyond Pesticides, July 13, 2021) Bumblebees exposed to pesticides and pathogens display changes in gene expression that can be pinpointed and analyzed by cutting edge research tools, according to scientists at York university, who utilized the new technique in a study published in Molecular Ecology. This form of next-generation gene sequencing is part of a growing field of science known as conservation genomics, in which entire animal genomes are sequenced to determine conservation problems. \u201cNext-generation sequencing is a totally new way to think about why bees are declining, which could revolutionize conservation biology,\u201d says study coauthor Amro Zayed, PhD, associate professor in biology at York. \u201cWe\u2019re looking directly at bee tissues\u00a0 to try and get clues to the stressors that are affecting this bee. I think this is a gamechanger for sure. With a single study, we are able to implicate a couple of really obvious things we\u2019ve talked about for years \u2013 pathogens and pesticides \u2013 in the case of Bombus terricola.\u201d Researchers focused on Bombus terricola \u2013 the yellow banded bumblebee, as its range has declined significantly over the last two decades. The bumblebee was once common throughout the eastern and midwestern part of the U.S. and Canada, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":29118,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[194,328,93,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fipronil","category-neonicotinoids","category-pollinators","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Conservation Genomics Pinpoint Pesticides and Pathogens in Decline of Bumblebees - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/07\/conservation-genomics-pinpoint-pesticides-and-pathogens-in-decline-of-bumblebees\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Conservation Genomics Pinpoint Pesticides and Pathogens in Decline of Bumblebees - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, July 13, 2021) Bumblebees exposed to pesticides and pathogens display changes in gene expression that can be pinpointed and analyzed by cutting edge research tools, according to scientists at York university, who utilized the new technique in a study published in Molecular Ecology. This form of next-generation gene sequencing is part of a growing field of science known as conservation genomics, in which entire animal genomes are sequenced to determine conservation problems. \u201cNext-generation sequencing is a totally new way to think about why bees are declining, which could revolutionize conservation biology,\u201d says study coauthor Amro Zayed, PhD, associate professor in biology at York. \u201cWe\u2019re looking directly at bee tissues\u00a0 to try and get clues to the stressors that are affecting this bee. I think this is a gamechanger for sure. With a single study, we are able to implicate a couple of really obvious things we\u2019ve talked about for years \u2013 pathogens and pesticides \u2013 in the case of Bombus terricola.\u201d Researchers focused on Bombus terricola \u2013 the yellow banded bumblebee, as its range has declined significantly over the last two decades. 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The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides) as a nonprofit membership organization in 1981, felt that without the existence of such an organized, national network, local, state and national pesticide policy would become, under chemical industry pressure, increasingly unresponsive to public health and environmental concerns. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions that affect them directly. We believe decisions should not be made for us by chemical companies or by decision-makers who either do not have all of the facts or refuse to consider them. Learn more about our work, read A Year in Review\u20142021, our accomplishments are your victories! Beyond Pesticides seeks to protect healthy air, water, land, and food for ourselves and future generations. By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions which affect them directly.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/beyondpesticides\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/beyond-pesticides\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/ByondPesticides\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/bpncamp\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/author\/beyond-pesticides\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Conservation Genomics Pinpoint Pesticides and Pathogens in Decline of Bumblebees - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/07\/conservation-genomics-pinpoint-pesticides-and-pathogens-in-decline-of-bumblebees\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Conservation Genomics Pinpoint Pesticides and Pathogens in Decline of Bumblebees - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog","og_description":"(Beyond Pesticides, July 13, 2021) Bumblebees exposed to pesticides and pathogens display changes in gene expression that can be pinpointed and analyzed by cutting edge research tools, according to scientists at York university, who utilized the new technique in a study published in Molecular Ecology. This form of next-generation gene sequencing is part of a growing field of science known as conservation genomics, in which entire animal genomes are sequenced to determine conservation problems. \u201cNext-generation sequencing is a totally new way to think about why bees are declining, which could revolutionize conservation biology,\u201d says study coauthor Amro Zayed, PhD, associate professor in biology at York. \u201cWe\u2019re looking directly at bee tissues\u00a0 to try and get clues to the stressors that are affecting this bee. I think this is a gamechanger for sure. With a single study, we are able to implicate a couple of really obvious things we\u2019ve talked about for years \u2013 pathogens and pesticides \u2013 in the case of Bombus terricola.\u201d Researchers focused on Bombus terricola \u2013 the yellow banded bumblebee, as its range has declined significantly over the last two decades. 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