{"id":29559,"date":"2021-07-22T00:01:32","date_gmt":"2021-07-22T04:01:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=29559"},"modified":"2021-07-21T17:01:54","modified_gmt":"2021-07-21T21:01:54","slug":"deer-ticks-developing-resistance-to-popular-tick-control-chemical-implications-of-lyme-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/07\/deer-ticks-developing-resistance-to-popular-tick-control-chemical-implications-of-lyme-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"Deer Ticks Developing Resistance to Popular Tick Control Chemical: Implications of Lyme Disease"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Beyond <\/em>Pesticides, July 22, 2021) A new study published in\u00a0the Journal of Medical Entomology<\/em><\/a>\u00a0finds black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapulari)<\/em>\u00a0in New York are developing potential resistance to widely used tick-control\u00a0pyrethroid<\/a>\u00a0insecticide,\u00a0permethrin<\/a>. The study suggests continuous use of area-wide, 4-poster devices (devices that attract deer and then apply pesticide to their head, ears, and neck) to apply insecticide treatments on deer to control tick populations promotes resistance.<\/p>\n

Resistance is an ever-present issue among chemical compounds (i.e., antibiotics, antimicrobials, pesticides) used in medicine and agriculture, and threatening the ability to prevent disease outbreaks, such as Lyme disease. Furthermore, increasing populations of rodent and mammalian hosts, in addition to warmer temperatures prompted by the climate crisis, allows for disease-carrying ticks to flourish.\u00a0Lyme disease<\/a>\u00a0is the most common vector disease and a primary concern for the general population. Therefore, studies like this highlight the need to assess resistance among disease-vector pest populations regardless of pesticide application methods. The researchers note, \u201cPermethrin susceptibility of tick populations should be monitored from other 4-poster control areas so that guidelines for managing pesticide resistance in the field can be developed.\u201d<\/p>\n

Four-poster devices impart selective pressure on tick populations influencing reproduction and natural extinction of species. However, like mosquitoes, a subpopulation of ticks encountering chemical exposure naturally \u00a0alter gene function, which results in resistance to the chemical rather than death. To assess resistance among tick populations, researchers evaluated the susceptibility of deer ticks to permethrin exposure. Deer ticks used in this study came from Shelter Island, NY, and the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies (CIES) in Millbrook, NY. Researchers collected Shelter Island ticks from deer at sites where 4-poster devices are in operation. CIES tick collection, also from deer, took place in areas void of 4-poster devices. Researchers used deer tick larvae colonies reared from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) laboratory as the control.<\/p>\n

The study results find ticks at the Shelter Island site are less susceptible to permethrin treatments than ticks from CDC colonies. Shelter Island ticks are less sensitive to permethrin treatments than CIES ticks, but resistance ratios are small. Although CIES sites did not contain 4-poster devices, these areas still harbor ticks that are less susceptible to permethrin. From these findings, the researchers conclude that field populations of deer tick may be more resistant to permethrin insecticides than lab colonies.<\/p>\n

Insecticide resistance has been an issue since the introduction of DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) in the 1940s. Although most countries currently ban DDT use, the compound is not the only chemical pesticide promoting pest resistance. Several current-use insecticides pose the same threat. Area-wide, indiscriminate spraying of insecticides is causing resistance to develop among many pests. Mosquitoes have become increasingly resistant to\u00a0synthetic pyrethroids<\/a>, in addition to other classes of insecticides, such as carbamates and organophosphates. In certain tropical regions, pesticide run-off from agricultural fields increases chemically resistant freshwater snails populations that are disease vectors for\u00a0snail fever.<\/a>\u00a0However\u2014unlike mosquito resistance\u2014the occurrence of tick resistance lacks research regarding vector-disease implications and primarily focuses on domestic animal use. Tick resistance develops much slower than mosquito resistance due to a longer lifespan\/life cycle and time between generations. However,\u00a0studies<\/a>\u00a0show that\u00a0cattle ticks<\/a>\u00a0are resistant to multiple pesticide chemical classes from direct applications to cattle. Furthermore, three-host species ticks in Florida and Texas\u00a0demonstrate<\/a>\u00a0similar permethrin resistance. Therefore, existing disease control programs overlook possible disease outbreaks from inadequate tick resistance management and a heavy focus on domestic animal uses.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Development of\u00a0resistance<\/a>\u00a0is an entirely normal, adaptive phenomenon: organisms evolve, \u201cexploiting\u201d beneficial genetic mutations that give them a survival advantage. However, resistance is growing in all sectors of pest control, including critically needed agriculture and medicine. Whether it is antibiotics for bacterial infections, herbicides for weeds\/pests, or insecticides to mitigate vector-borne diseases, organisms are becoming resistant to usually toxic compounds. Resistance developing in one of the \u201csectors\u201d mentioned above can \u201ccrossover\u201d to become problematic in another.\u00a0Agricultural and veterinary uses of antibiotics<\/a>\u00a0significantly contribute to the\u00a0resistance of certain bacteria or fungi<\/a>\u00a0to antibiotics that have historically knocked down such infections in humans. Pesticide Action Network North America\u00a0(PANNA) notes<\/a>, \u201cThe World Health Organization underscored the problem in their 2012 guidance on policymaking for Integrated Vector Management (IVM): \u2018Resistance to insecticides is an increasing problem in vector control because of the reliance on chemical control and expanding operations\u2026Furthermore, the chemical insecticides used can have adverse effects on health and the environment.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

This study is the first to establish baseline susceptibility for deer ticks to permethrin and offer information on resistance emergence in tick populations under selective pressure from 4-poster devices. Unlike in mosquito control, area-wide pesticide applications for tick control are relatively unconventional. However, 4-poster devices act as an area-wide control method allowing deer to self-apply permethrin treatment via contact with devices while feeding. Although the study finds Shelter Island ticks are less susceptible to permethrin than CIES ticks, the difference in susceptibility is small enough to assert resistance can develop regardless of selective pressure. This assertion indicates permethrin resistance may occur among tick populations in real-world settings already\u00a0seen<\/a>\u00a0among mosquito populations. Growing pesticide resistance\u00a0often leads to<\/a>\u00a0an increase in chemical inputs to control pests.<\/p>\n

Tick resistance can augment the use of chemical control methods, including the addition of toxic synergists like\u00a0piperonyl butoxide<\/a>\u00a0(PBO), known to cause and exacerbate adverse health effects from exposure. Exposure to permethrin already has implications for human health, including\u00a0cancer<\/a>, endocrine (hormone) disruption, reproductive dysfunction,\u00a0neurotoxicity<\/a>, and kidney\/liver damage. Furthermore, pets such as\u00a0cats are extremely sensitive<\/a>\u00a0to synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, triggering seizures, tremors, muscle spasms that can lead to death.\u00a0<\/p>\n

The study results demonstrate a need to address resistance among tick populations, regardless of selective pressure from 4-poster devices. The CDC previously\u00a0reported<\/a>\u00a0that pesticides are ineffective at stopping the spread of Lyme disease, a principal health concern of increasing tick resistance. Therefore, public health advocates say that government and health officials must understand the mechanisms prompting pesticide resistance among tick populations to safeguard human health from widespread diseases lacking effective vaccines.<\/p>\n

Jay Feldman, executive director of Beyond Pesticides,\u00a0has noted<\/a>, \u201cWe should . . . join together to address the root causes of insect-borne disease because the chemical-dependent alternatives are ultimately deadly for everyone.\u201d<\/p>\n

Beyond Pesticides maintains that management strategies to combat insect-borne diseases cannot be successful if they are chemical-intensive. More recent studies focusing on\u00a0highly toxic permethrin<\/a>-treated\u00a0clothing, as a means of tick management, have not been\u00a0accurately reported in the media<\/a>.\u00a0. These strategies ignore the underlying conditions that exacerbate the spread of the disease. Advocates urge that consumers avoid chemicals like\u00a0DEET<\/a>\u00a0and permethrin. Instead, simple repellents like the oil of lemon eucalyptus, picaridin, and insect repellent IR 3535 can effectively deter ticks from finding and attaching to humans.\u00a0<\/p>\n

The best method to prevent tick bites and the diseases they carry is to wear appropriate clothing (light-colored that covers one\u2019s whole body), a hat, and consider tucking one\u2019s pants into socks. Most important is to conduct regular tick checks as it is critically important to detach a tick from one\u2019s skin as soon as possible after the bite to reduce the chance of disease transfer. If you have an outdoor pet, do not forget to check them as well. Safely kill tick larvae with non-toxic solutions: vacuum daily during flea season (changing bag often); groom pet daily with a flea comb (cleaning comb with soap-water between brushes); frequently bathe pets with soap and water; and frequently wash pet bedding, restricting pet to only one bed. For more information on how to manage ticks safely, see\u00a0Beyond Pesticides ManageSafe webpage.<\/a>\u00a0Additionally, learn more about how to\u00a0protect your pet<\/a>\u00a0from pesticides and the least-toxic controls for\u00a0tick<\/a>\u00a0infestations.\u00a0<\/p>\n

All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\n

Source: Lyme Disease Association<\/a>, Journal of Medical Entomology<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, July 22, 2021) A new study published in\u00a0the Journal of Medical Entomology\u00a0finds black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapulari)\u00a0in New York are developing potential resistance to widely used tick-control\u00a0pyrethroid\u00a0insecticide,\u00a0permethrin. The study suggests continuous use of area-wide, 4-poster devices (devices that attract deer and then apply pesticide to their head, ears, and neck) to apply insecticide treatments on deer to control tick populations promotes resistance. Resistance is an ever-present issue among chemical compounds (i.e., antibiotics, antimicrobials, pesticides) used in medicine and agriculture, and threatening the ability to prevent disease outbreaks, such as Lyme disease. Furthermore, increasing populations of rodent and mammalian hosts, in addition to warmer temperatures prompted by the climate crisis, allows for disease-carrying ticks to flourish.\u00a0Lyme disease\u00a0is the most common vector disease and a primary concern for the general population. Therefore, studies like this highlight the need to assess resistance among disease-vector pest populations regardless of pesticide application methods. The researchers note, \u201cPermethrin susceptibility of tick populations should be monitored from other 4-poster control areas so that guidelines for managing pesticide resistance in the field can be developed.\u201d Four-poster devices impart selective pressure on tick populations influencing reproduction and natural extinction of species. However, like mosquitoes, a subpopulation of ticks […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":29561,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,57,38,530,120,378,289],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diseasehealth-effects","category-new-york","category-permethrin","category-pyrethroids","category-resistance","category-synthetic-pyrethroids","category-ticks"],"yoast_head":"\nDeer Ticks Developing Resistance to Popular Tick Control Chemical: Implications of Lyme Disease - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/07\/deer-ticks-developing-resistance-to-popular-tick-control-chemical-implications-of-lyme-disease\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Deer Ticks Developing Resistance to Popular Tick Control Chemical: Implications of Lyme Disease - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, July 22, 2021) A new study published in\u00a0the Journal of Medical Entomology\u00a0finds black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapulari)\u00a0in New York are developing potential resistance to widely used tick-control\u00a0pyrethroid\u00a0insecticide,\u00a0permethrin. The study suggests continuous use of area-wide, 4-poster devices (devices that attract deer and then apply pesticide to their head, ears, and neck) to apply insecticide treatments on deer to control tick populations promotes resistance. Resistance is an ever-present issue among chemical compounds (i.e., antibiotics, antimicrobials, pesticides) used in medicine and agriculture, and threatening the ability to prevent disease outbreaks, such as Lyme disease. Furthermore, increasing populations of rodent and mammalian hosts, in addition to warmer temperatures prompted by the climate crisis, allows for disease-carrying ticks to flourish.\u00a0Lyme disease\u00a0is the most common vector disease and a primary concern for the general population. Therefore, studies like this highlight the need to assess resistance among disease-vector pest populations regardless of pesticide application methods. The researchers note, \u201cPermethrin susceptibility of tick populations should be monitored from other 4-poster control areas so that guidelines for managing pesticide resistance in the field can be developed.\u201d Four-poster devices impart selective pressure on tick populations influencing reproduction and natural extinction of species. 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The study suggests continuous use of area-wide, 4-poster devices (devices that attract deer and then apply pesticide to their head, ears, and neck) to apply insecticide treatments on deer to control tick populations promotes resistance. Resistance is an ever-present issue among chemical compounds (i.e., antibiotics, antimicrobials, pesticides) used in medicine and agriculture, and threatening the ability to prevent disease outbreaks, such as Lyme disease. Furthermore, increasing populations of rodent and mammalian hosts, in addition to warmer temperatures prompted by the climate crisis, allows for disease-carrying ticks to flourish.\u00a0Lyme disease\u00a0is the most common vector disease and a primary concern for the general population. Therefore, studies like this highlight the need to assess resistance among disease-vector pest populations regardless of pesticide application methods. The researchers note, \u201cPermethrin susceptibility of tick populations should be monitored from other 4-poster control areas so that guidelines for managing pesticide resistance in the field can be developed.\u201d Four-poster devices impart selective pressure on tick populations influencing reproduction and natural extinction of species. However, like mosquitoes, a subpopulation of ticks […]","og_url":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/07\/deer-ticks-developing-resistance-to-popular-tick-control-chemical-implications-of-lyme-disease\/","og_site_name":"Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides\/","article_published_time":"2021-07-22T04:01:32+00:00","og_image":[{"width":640,"height":320,"url":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-12.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Beyond Pesticides","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ByondPesticides","twitter_site":"@ByondPesticides","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Beyond Pesticides","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/07\/deer-ticks-developing-resistance-to-popular-tick-control-chemical-implications-of-lyme-disease\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/07\/deer-ticks-developing-resistance-to-popular-tick-control-chemical-implications-of-lyme-disease\/"},"author":{"name":"Beyond Pesticides","@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#\/schema\/person\/1b5c0a0981b549cc5b628770073031f4"},"headline":"Deer Ticks Developing Resistance to Popular Tick Control Chemical: Implications of Lyme Disease","datePublished":"2021-07-22T04:01:32+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/07\/deer-ticks-developing-resistance-to-popular-tick-control-chemical-implications-of-lyme-disease\/"},"wordCount":1323,"commentCount":1,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/07\/deer-ticks-developing-resistance-to-popular-tick-control-chemical-implications-of-lyme-disease\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Untitled-design-12.png","articleSection":["Disease\/Health Effects","New York","Permethrin","pyrethroids","Resistance","Synthetic Pyrethroids","Ticks"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/07\/deer-ticks-developing-resistance-to-popular-tick-control-chemical-implications-of-lyme-disease\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/07\/deer-ticks-developing-resistance-to-popular-tick-control-chemical-implications-of-lyme-disease\/","url":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/07\/deer-ticks-developing-resistance-to-popular-tick-control-chemical-implications-of-lyme-disease\/","name":"Deer Ticks Developing Resistance to Popular Tick Control Chemical: Implications of Lyme Disease - 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