{"id":30361,"date":"2021-12-16T00:01:41","date_gmt":"2021-12-16T04:01:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=30361"},"modified":"2021-12-15T17:09:42","modified_gmt":"2021-12-15T21:09:42","slug":"pesticides-and-parkinsons-disease-the-toxic-effects-of-pesticides-on-the-brain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/12\/pesticides-and-parkinsons-disease-the-toxic-effects-of-pesticides-on-the-brain\/","title":{"rendered":"Pesticides and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: The Toxic Effects of Pesticides on the Brain"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, December 16, 2021) A study by\u00a0Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China<\/a>, finds Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD) risk increases with elevated levels of organochlorine (OCP) and organophosphate (OP) pesticides in blood. Among patients with PD, specific organochlorine compounds have greater associations with cognitive impairments, including depression and brain function. Research finds exposure to chemical toxicants, like pesticides, can cause neurotoxic effects or exacerbate preexisting chemical damage to the\u00a0nervous system<\/a>. Although the mechanism by which pesticides induce disease development remains unclear, researchers suggest changes in protein enzyme composition and cellular dysfunction from pesticide exposure interrupt normal brain function.<\/p>\n

Parkinson\u2019s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with at least one million Americans living with PD and about 50,000 new diagnoses each year. The disease affects 50% more men than women, and individuals with PD have a variety of symptoms, including loss of muscle control and trembling, anxiety and depression, constipation and urinary difficulties, dementia, and sleep disturbances. Over time, symptoms intensify, but there is no current cure for this fatal disease. While only 10 to 15 percent of PD incidences are genetic, PD is quickly becoming the world\u2019s fastest-growing brain disease. Therefore, research like this highlights the need to examine alternate risk factors for disease development, especially if disease triggers are overwhelmingly non-hereditary. The researcher notes, \u201cBased on these findings, more stringent environmental regulations may need to be implemented to reduce PD risk in the population, especially in agricultural areas where communities may be exposed to unsafe pesticide levels.\u201d<\/p>\n

The study evaluates 90 patients with idiopathic or spontaneous (non-genetic) PD and their spouses, as well as 90 healthy control individuals. The patients included in the study adhere to specific criteria: \u201cdiagnosed as idiopathic [spontaneous] PD according to 2015 MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for PD; no family history of PD; no history of other significant neurological disorders (i.e., stroke, epilepsy, head trauma); and no familial history of behavioral abnormality.\u201d Most PD patients are male, which is consistent with the PD diagnoses ratio among the general population. Researchers collected blood samples from PD patients and the control group after an overnight fasting period. Using gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry (GC-MS), researchers analyze samples of 19 commonly used pesticides in the Shanghai, China region, including 16 OCP (\u03b1-hexachlorocyclohexane [HCH], \u03b2-HCH, \u03b3-HCH, \u03b4-HCH, propanil, vinclozolin, heptachlor, aldrin, dieldrin, endosulfan, hexachlorobenzene, quintozene, p,p\u2019-DDE, p,p\u2019-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane [DDD], o,p\u2019-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane [DDT], p,p\u2019-DDT), and three OP (parathion-methyl, methidathion, and phosalone) pesticide compounds.<\/p>\n

Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (\u03b1-HCH, \u03b2-HCH, \u03b3-HCH, \u03b4-HCH, propanil, heptachlor, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, p,p\u2019-DDT and o,p\u2019-DDT) are higher among patients with PD compared to healthy patients. Of the organochlorines, \u03b1-HCH and propanil concentrations have the greatest association with PD risk through increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and decreasing mitochondrial membrane function in SH-SY5Y cells. However, only propanil induced accumulation of \u03b1-synuclein, a predominant protein in the brain tissue of PD patients. Lastly, using the Hamilton Depression Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, researchers discover PD patients have higher depression scores and lower cognitive function.<\/p>\n

Parkinson\u2019s disease occurs when there is damage to the dopaminergic nerve cells (i.e., those activated by or sensitive to dopamine) in the brain responsible for dopamine production, one of the primary neurotransmitters mediating motor function. Although the cause of dopaminergic cell damage remains unknown,\u00a0evidence<\/a>\u00a0suggests that pesticide exposure, especially chronic exposure, may be the culprit. Although organochlorine pesticides are been phased out in food production, these pesticides were ubiquitous, especially in the rural U.S., where pesticide exposure is nearly unavoidable due to drift and runoff. DDE, a breakdown product of DDT, is still widely found in the environment<\/a>, including waterways and food. Moreover, occupational exposure poses a unique risk, as pesticide exposure is direct via handling and application. A\u00a02017 study<\/a>\u00a0finds that occupational use of pesticides (i.e., fungicides, herbicides, or insecticides) increases PD risk by 110 to 211 percent. Even more concerning is that some personal protection equipment (PPE) may not adequately protect workers from chemical exposure during application. However,\u00a090 percent<\/a>\u00a0of Americans have at least one pesticide compound in their body, primarily stemming from dietary exposure, like\u00a0food<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0drinking water<\/a>. These compounds have a global distribution, with evaporation and precipitation facilitating long-range atmospheric transport, deposition, and bioaccumulation of hazardous chemicals in the environment. Thus, exposure to these toxicants can cause several adverse environmental and biological health effects. With the increasing ubiquity of pesticides, current measures safeguarding against pesticide use must adequately detect and assess total chemical contaminants.<\/p>\n

This study is one of four to investigate disparities between pesticide blood serum levels among PD patients and healthy controls. Additionally, this study is the first to find a correlation between specific pesticide compounds in blood samples and PD in the population, focusing on mechanisms of cellular dysfunction of \u03b1-HCH and propanil.\u00a0Organochlorine pesticides<\/a>\u00a0(OCPs) can persist in the environment decades after use stops as OCPs have higher chemical stability and gradual attenuation. Thus, these compounds tend to bioaccumulate in the ecosystem and within the bodies of most species from high lipophilicity (chemical uptake by fats). Organophosphate insecticides originate from the same compounds as World War II\u00a0nerve agents<\/a>, producing adverse effects on the nervous system. Chemical exposure can cause\u00a0a buildup of acetylcholine (a chemical neurotransmitter responsible for brain and muscle function) can lead to<\/a>\u00a0acute impacts, such as uncontrolled, rapid twitching of some muscles, paralyzed breathing, convulsions, and, in extreme cases, death. The compromise of nerve impulse transmission can have broad systemic impacts on the function of multiple body systems. Regarding mental health disorders, pesticides, including\u00a0organophosphate<\/a>s (OPs), have associations with a higher prevalence of minor\u00a0psychiatric disorders<\/a>. Moreover, OPs are one of the leading causes of\u00a0intentional poisoning<\/a>\u00a0globally as pesticide toxicity makes them potentially lethal substances.<\/p>\n

Although\u00a0many countries<\/a>\u00a0ban most\u00a0organochlorine compounds<\/a>, these chemicals remain in\u00a0soils<\/a>, water (solid<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0liquid<\/a>), and the surrounding\u00a0air<\/a>\u00a0at levels\u00a0exceeding<\/a>\u00a0U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards. Moreover, several studies identify various\u00a0current-use pesticides<\/a>\u00a0involved in the pathology of PD. These include the insecticides\u00a0rotenone<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0chlorpyrifos<\/a>, herbicides\u00a02,4-D<\/a>,\u00a0glyphosate<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0paraquat<\/a>, carbamate compounds, and fungicides\u00a0maneb\u00a0<\/a>and\u00a0mancozeb<\/a>. A\u00a0Washington State University study<\/a>\u00a0determined that residents living near areas treated with glyphosate\u2014the most widely used herbicides in the U.S.\u2014are one-third more likely to die prematurely from Parkinson\u2019s disease. In the\u00a0Louisiana State University study<\/a>, exposure to 2,4-D, chlorpyrifos, and paraquat from pasture land, forestry, or woodland operations, is a risk factor for PD. The highest risks occur in areas where chemicals quickly percolate into drinking water sources. Similar to the organochlorines in the study, acute and chronic exposure to rotenone can inhibit mitochondrial brain function responsible for cell regeneration and induce oxidative stress. Carbamate pesticides increase PD risk by 455 percent, with risk doubling for individuals with ten or more years of chemical use. Overall, research finds exposure to pesticides increases the risk of developing PD from 33 percent to 80 percent, with some pesticides prompting a higher risk than others. While PD risk increases with pesticide exposure periods, researchers indicate there is still a need for further research on the chemical threshold for harm to the brain.<\/p>\n

Although the exact cause of PD remains unknown,\u00a0studies\u00a0<\/a>continuously identify exposure to pesticides and specific gene-pesticide interactions as significant adverse risk factors. Environmental triggers like occupational exposure to pesticides can prompt PD in individuals with or without the genetic precursor. However, PD can develop regardless of whether an individual is a carrier of\u00a0GBA<\/em>\u00a0gene mutation or not.<\/p>\n

This study adds to the\u00a0large body of scientific studies<\/a>\u00a0strongly implicating pesticide\u2019s involvement in Parkinson\u2019s disease development. In addition to this research,\u00a0several studies<\/a>\u00a0demonstrate\u00a0autism<\/a>, mood disorders (e.g.,\u00a0depression<\/a>), and degenerative neurological conditions (e.g.,\u00a0ALS<\/a>,\u00a0Alzheimer\u2019s<\/a>,\u00a0Parkinson\u2019s<\/a>) among aquatic and terrestrial animals, including humans, exposed to pesticides. Pesticides themselves, mixtures of chemicals such as Agent Orange or dioxins, and therapeutic hormones or pharmaceutical products can possess the ability to disrupt neurological function. Therefore, the impacts of pesticides on the nervous system, including the\u00a0brain<\/a>, are hazardous, especially for chronically exposed individuals (e.g., farm workers) or during critical windows of vulnerability and development (e.g., childhood, pregnancy). Considering health officials expect Parkinson\u2019s\u00a0disease diagnosis to double<\/a>\u00a0over the next 20 years, it is essential to mitigate preventable exposure from disease-inducing pesticides.<\/p>\n

The scientific literature demonstrates pesticides\u2019 long history of severe adverse effects on\u00a0human health<\/a>\u00a0(i.e., endocrine disruption, cancer, reproductive\/birth problems, neurotoxicity, loss of biodiversity, etc.) and\u00a0wildlife<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0biodiversity<\/a>. However, there are several limitations in defining real-world poisoning as captured by epidemiologic studies in Beyond Pesticides\u2019\u00a0Pesticide-Induced Diseases Database<\/a>. The adverse health effects of pesticides, exposure, and the aggregate risk of pesticides showcase a need for more extensive research on occupational and nonoccupational pesticide exposure, especially in agriculture. For more information on the effects of pesticide exposure on neurological health, see PIDD pages on\u00a0Parkinson\u2019s disease<\/a>,\u00a0dementia<\/a>-like diseases, such as\u00a0Alzheimer\u2019s<\/a>, and other impacts on\u00a0cognitive function<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Parkinson\u2019s disease may have no cure, but prevention practices like organics can eliminate exposure to toxic PD-inducing pesticides. Organic agriculture represents a safer, healthier approach to crop production that does not necessitate toxic pesticide use. Beyond Pesticides encourages farmers to embrace\u00a0regenerative, organic<\/a>\u00a0practices. A compliment to buying organic is contacting\u00a0various organic farming organizations<\/a>\u00a0to learn more about what you can do. Those impacted by pesticide drift can refer to Beyond Pesticides\u2019 webpage on\u00a0What to Do in a Pesticide Emergency<\/a>\u00a0and contact the organization for additional information. Furthermore, see Beyond Pesticides\u2019\u00a0Parkinson\u2019s Disease article<\/a>\u00a0from the Spring 2008 issue of\u00a0Pesticides and You<\/em>.<\/p>\n

All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\n

Source:\u00a0Neurotoxicology<\/em> (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, December 16, 2021) A study by\u00a0Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, finds Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD) risk increases with elevated levels of organochlorine (OCP) and organophosphate (OP) pesticides in blood. Among patients with PD, specific organochlorine compounds have greater associations with cognitive impairments, including depression and brain function. Research finds exposure to chemical toxicants, like pesticides, can cause neurotoxic effects or exacerbate preexisting chemical damage to the\u00a0nervous system. Although the mechanism by which pesticides induce disease development remains unclear, researchers suggest changes in protein enzyme composition and cellular dysfunction from pesticide exposure interrupt normal brain function. Parkinson\u2019s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with at least one million Americans living with PD and about 50,000 new diagnoses each year. The disease affects 50% more men than women, and individuals with PD have a variety of symptoms, including loss of muscle control and trembling, anxiety and depression, constipation and urinary difficulties, dementia, and sleep disturbances. Over time, symptoms intensify, but there is no current cure for this fatal disease. While only 10 to 15 percent of PD incidences are genetic, PD is quickly becoming the world\u2019s fastest-growing brain disease. Therefore, research like this highlights the need to examine alternate […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":30363,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[400,392,244,145],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-brain-effects","category-organochlorines","category-organophosphate","category-parkinsons"],"yoast_head":"\nPesticides and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: The Toxic Effects of Pesticides on the Brain - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/12\/pesticides-and-parkinsons-disease-the-toxic-effects-of-pesticides-on-the-brain\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pesticides and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: The Toxic Effects of Pesticides on the Brain - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, December 16, 2021) A study by\u00a0Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, finds Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD) risk increases with elevated levels of organochlorine (OCP) and organophosphate (OP) pesticides in blood. Among patients with PD, specific organochlorine compounds have greater associations with cognitive impairments, including depression and brain function. Research finds exposure to chemical toxicants, like pesticides, can cause neurotoxic effects or exacerbate preexisting chemical damage to the\u00a0nervous system. Although the mechanism by which pesticides induce disease development remains unclear, researchers suggest changes in protein enzyme composition and cellular dysfunction from pesticide exposure interrupt normal brain function. Parkinson\u2019s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with at least one million Americans living with PD and about 50,000 new diagnoses each year. The disease affects 50% more men than women, and individuals with PD have a variety of symptoms, including loss of muscle control and trembling, anxiety and depression, constipation and urinary difficulties, dementia, and sleep disturbances. 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Among patients with PD, specific organochlorine compounds have greater associations with cognitive impairments, including depression and brain function. Research finds exposure to chemical toxicants, like pesticides, can cause neurotoxic effects or exacerbate preexisting chemical damage to the\u00a0nervous system. Although the mechanism by which pesticides induce disease development remains unclear, researchers suggest changes in protein enzyme composition and cellular dysfunction from pesticide exposure interrupt normal brain function. Parkinson\u2019s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with at least one million Americans living with PD and about 50,000 new diagnoses each year. The disease affects 50% more men than women, and individuals with PD have a variety of symptoms, including loss of muscle control and trembling, anxiety and depression, constipation and urinary difficulties, dementia, and sleep disturbances. Over time, symptoms intensify, but there is no current cure for this fatal disease. While only 10 to 15 percent of PD incidences are genetic, PD is quickly becoming the world\u2019s fastest-growing brain disease. Therefore, research like this highlights the need to examine alternate […]","og_url":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/12\/pesticides-and-parkinsons-disease-the-toxic-effects-of-pesticides-on-the-brain\/","og_site_name":"Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides\/","article_published_time":"2021-12-16T04:01:41+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1333,"height":827,"url":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Parkinsons.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Beyond Pesticides","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ByondPesticides","twitter_site":"@ByondPesticides","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Beyond Pesticides","Est. reading time":"8 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/12\/pesticides-and-parkinsons-disease-the-toxic-effects-of-pesticides-on-the-brain\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/12\/pesticides-and-parkinsons-disease-the-toxic-effects-of-pesticides-on-the-brain\/"},"author":{"name":"Beyond Pesticides","@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#\/schema\/person\/1b5c0a0981b549cc5b628770073031f4"},"headline":"Pesticides and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: The Toxic Effects of Pesticides on the Brain","datePublished":"2021-12-16T04:01:41+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/12\/pesticides-and-parkinsons-disease-the-toxic-effects-of-pesticides-on-the-brain\/"},"wordCount":1634,"commentCount":1,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/12\/pesticides-and-parkinsons-disease-the-toxic-effects-of-pesticides-on-the-brain\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Parkinsons.jpg","articleSection":["Brain Effects","organochlorines","organophosphate","Parkinson's"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/12\/pesticides-and-parkinsons-disease-the-toxic-effects-of-pesticides-on-the-brain\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/12\/pesticides-and-parkinsons-disease-the-toxic-effects-of-pesticides-on-the-brain\/","url":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/12\/pesticides-and-parkinsons-disease-the-toxic-effects-of-pesticides-on-the-brain\/","name":"Pesticides and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: The Toxic Effects of Pesticides on the Brain - 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By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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