{"id":31005,"date":"2022-05-06T00:01:54","date_gmt":"2022-05-06T04:01:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=31005"},"modified":"2022-05-06T10:35:09","modified_gmt":"2022-05-06T14:35:09","slug":"pesticides-used-in-farmed-fish-operations-threaten-health-of-swimmers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/05\/pesticides-used-in-farmed-fish-operations-threaten-health-of-swimmers\/","title":{"rendered":"Pesticides Used in Farmed Fish Operations Threaten Health of Swimmers"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

(Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, May 6, 2022)\u00a0A December 2021 report<\/a> commissioned by the trade group Salmon Scotland<\/a> concludes that the use of pesticide products by the nation\u2019s salmon farms represents potential risk to \u201cwild\u201d swimmers (those who swim in open ocean waters). The report\u2019s primary finding is that the use of insecticide products containing azamethiphos<\/a> (an organophosphate), deltamethrin<\/a>, and hydrogen peroxide<\/a> to control sea lice in farmed fish contaminates sea water and, thus, threatens swimmers in the areas around the farms. Beyond Pesticides has reported on pesticide use in aquaculture<\/a>, and most recently, on developing resistance<\/a> \u2014 in the parasitic lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis<\/em>) that endanger both wild and farmed fish populations in the North Atlantic \u2014 to some of the chemical treatments used by aquaculturists to combat the parasite.<\/p>\r\n

The intense exploitation of wild fish and other marine creatures for human food (and as an ingredient in animal feeds) has caused, in recent decades, depletion of fish and seafood stocks across the world. The aquaculture industry \u2014 in which various aquatic species (fish, shellfish, and some plants) are bred, raised, and harvested in the open ocean \u2014 has grown rapidly as a response. Since the 1960s, the farming of salmon in the Atlantic has grown such that now, 70% of global salmon production is from ocean farming, and in the U.S., 90% of salmon sold is farmed. Other marine food farming industries<\/a> that dominate U.S. markets include those that produce tilapia, shrimp, and shellfish (scallops, mussels, clams, and oysters). Asia is the source of more than 90% of all farmed fish\/seafood, with China alone representing roughly 58% of production.<\/p>\r\n

Aquaculture operations generate a host of sustainability issues: sea water pollution from the farms\u2019 waste, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals; increased levels of disease in farmed populations; increased use of chemical \u201ccontrols,\u201d and the inevitable resistance to those compounds among pests (such as sea lice); and a rise in genetically engineered species and the spread of that DNA into wild populations, among others. The \u201cescapes\u201d of farmed fish, due to pen damage from harsh local conditions or predators, are common. This points to yet another problem in this industry: the release of genetically engineered farmed salmon into the wilds of the ocean mean that some wild salmon will breed with them and weaken the genetics. For example, when wild Atlantic salmon breed with escaped farmed salmon<\/a>,\u00a0their descendants mature earlier and grow faster than in the wild species, undermining wild populations\u2019 ability to survive and reproduce in their natural habitat.<\/p>\r\n

Beyond Pesticides wrote about the Scottish farmed salmon industry<\/a> in 2020: \u201cAtlantic salmon . . . are raised in what are, essentially, pens suspended in open sea lochs (arms of the sea that are narrow or partially landlocked) on Scotland\u2019s west coast and Northern Isles. Many of these are in relatively remote areas, so are somewhat \u2018hidden\u2019 from public scrutiny. The fish in these pens live under very crowded conditions, with far greater density than do wild salmon. They are fed processed feed that is usually laced with various pharmaceuticals and\/or insecticides used to ward off diseases and pest infestations, such as the sea lice, which tend to break out in such crowded conditions. The fish also discharge thousands of tons of feces and food waste into the surrounding sea (as well as pesticide and pharmaceutical residues). The food and fecal matter ratchet up the nitrate levels in the nearby marine ecosystem, which has deleterious effects on ocean plants and organisms. The pesticides and other pharmaceuticals can harm local ecosystems and marine life.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

WCA, the consultant company that produced the report for Salmon Scotland, indicates that the contamination of marine waters (by the products listed above) happens whether the treatments are done \u201cin situ\u201d at the site of a salmon pen, or on board special treatment boats. In either case, post-treatment, the water containing the insecticide products is then dumped into the sea. One might wonder if this is a significant risk, ocean contamination aside \u2014 as in, how many folks actually swim in the ocean? It turns out that the United Kingdom\u2019s (UK\u2019s) Outdoor Swimming Society<\/a> boasts 100,000 members!<\/p>\r\n

WCA assigned a metric \u2014 to each of the three ingredients in the pesticide products (deltamethrin, azamethiphos, and hydrogen peroxide) \u2014 to represent the relative risk identified. A risk factor of \u201c1\u201d or below was characterized as \u201cshowing no reason for significant concern or action.\u201d Deltamethrin was determined to be present at levels of negligible concern; azamethiphos was assigned .8; but hydrogen peroxide clocked in at 27.7. The report concludes<\/a> that levels of azamethiphos and deltamethrin \u201cin the treatment baths can be considered safe,\u201d but that levels of hydrogen peroxide in salmon cages can be 28 times higher than those considered safe for swimmers.<\/p>\r\n

At high concentrations, hydrogen peroxide is harmful if ingested and toxic if inhaled; it can cause skin burns, eye damage, and irritation of respiratory system membranes. In light of the report\u2019s sanguine comments about the safety of azamethiphos and deltamethrin, Beyond Pesticides calls attention to these facts: deltamethrin<\/a> is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide that is an irritant to human tissue, disrupts the human endocrine system, and is toxic to bees and to fish and aquatic organisms<\/em>; and azamethiphos, which is permitted for use in salmon aquaculture in Norway, Ireland, Scotland, and Chile, is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (which action compromises immune and metabolic function), a mutagen (causing genetic mutations), and a neurotoxicant.<\/p>\r\n

Though the first two compounds get a \u201cpass\u201d in this study, Beyond Pesticides points out that this evaluation \u2014 as is true for many pesticide evaluations by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on this side of the pond \u2014 fails to assess risks of exposures to two, or all, of these compounds in combination. The lack of attention to potential synergistic impacts speaks to the ongoing failures of classic toxicological risk assessment as employed by most regulatory agencies.<\/p>\r\n

According to inews.co.uk<\/em><\/a>, the 220+ UK salmon farms (operated by eight companies) discharged more than 10.5 million gallons of hydrogen peroxide into sea waters between 2016 and 2021. The report authors also assert<\/a> that their assessment of potential risk to swimmers was based on a series of \u201cworst case assumptions\u201d for the average adult swimmer, and that \u201ccharacterisation of dilution and dispersion factors are likely to be required to be taken into account to demonstrate that discharges of hydrogen peroxide are safe for open-water swimmers.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Per inews.co.uk<\/em><\/a>, Salmon Scotland maintains that the \u201c\u2018worst-case\u2019 estimate in [the] report \u2018would never occur in real life.\u2019 The pesticide would be dispersed and diluted in the water, it argued, and swimmers kept a \u2018safe distance\u2019 from industrial sites and vessels.\u201d The trade association further asserts that levels of hydrogen peroxide used in the salmon treatments \u201cwould fall below the \u2018no effect\u2019 level 30 minutes after use and \u2018generally\u2019 within 200-\u2013300m. . . . There would be \u2018very few, if any\u2019 people who would swim for two hours in Scottish coastal waters.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

The report has garnered significant attention in the context of the consideration by a regional Scottish authority, the Argyll and Bute Council, of a proposal from Mowi, the world\u2019s largest producer of farmed Atlantic salmon, for a new farming operation off the west coast of Scotland\u2019s Isle of Arran. Advocates have maintained that the \u201cpoisons\u201d \u2014 pesticides and other chemicals \u2014 evacuated (or leaked) into seawater by salmon farms could threaten the health of ocean swimmers, and have demanded regulatory action to reduce or eliminate fish farm chemical pollution<\/p>\r\n

Scotland\u2019s Coastal Communities Network, a coalition of 23 organizations advocating for the marine environment, insists that pesticides risk swimmers\u2019 health. Spokesperson for the group, John Aitchison, commented<\/a>: \u201cThe industry\u2019s own report shows that swimmers will be harmed if they swallow very small amounts of water containing two of the poisons being dumped by fish farms. The risk is especially high for women and children who were not mentioned in the report. No other industry is allowed to dump all its\u00a0pesticides in the sea.\u201d He was also quoted in Beyond Pesticides\u2019 2020 coverage<\/a> of increased use of pesticides on Scottish salmon farms early in the Covid pandemic: \u201cWe do not want them to discharge any more pollution. . . . The need to dump even more pollution in the sea during this crisis shows that it must give up its open nets and adopt closed-containment methods to capture its pollution instead, as any other responsible industry would do.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Fish farms are rough analogues to terrestrial CAFOs \u2014 concentrated animal feeding operations<\/a>. Both crowd too many creatures into too little space; both feed animals with processed food laced with pharmaceuticals and\/or insecticides or parasiticides in efforts to \u201ccontrol\u201d the diseases and pest problems that inevitably arise in such living conditions; and both create unnatural concentrations of excreta that move \u201cdownstream\u201d to the surrounding environment, whether on land or in oceans, and contaminate and impact nearby ecosystems and water quality.<\/p>\r\n

In addition, on land, these operations create fertile conditions for viruses and bacteria to evolve and jump from animal to human populations \u2014 potentially launching more human pandemics<\/a>. This dynamic may be possible from marine farming<\/a>, as well. A sensical, precautionary, and protective approach would be to raise animals in sufficiently large, more humane, and more-natural conditions, such as those required by the U.S. Department of Agriculture\u2019s National Organic Standards<\/a>. Such practices would obviate much of the need for the chemical \u201cfixes\u201d<\/a> operators of these facilities employ.<\/p>\r\n

It is important for the public to know that what Beyond Pesticides\u2019 wrote in its 2018 coverage of the salmon farming industry<\/a> is, unfortunately, evergreen: all \u201cAtlantic salmon\u201d sold in the U.S. is farmed. That is why it often has a slight gray tinge, is oilier and less firm than wild salmon, and lacks the rich taste of the wild varieties. \u201cOrganic\u201d salmon \u2014 which consumers may see offered in some supermarkets \u2014 is certified in accordance with European Union regulations. But <\/em>the public should know that, although it may cost roughly the same as genuine wild salmon, it has the same \u201cenvironmental baggage\u201d as farmed \u201cAtlantic salmon.\u201d \u201cOrganic\u201d fish farming significantly contributes to marine pollution by adding synthetic pesticides and antibiotics to the marine environment, contravening what consumers expectat of organic food production systems.<\/p>\r\n

For the public, there are alternatives to participating in this industry. One is not consuming farmed salmon. Another is purchasing only wild varieties, though that increases pressure on already stressed wild stocks. A third, for those who want to continue eating this fish, is to eat only wild salmon, but to reduce the frequency of consumption. The same approaches can apply to other farmed marine foods, although in the U.S., it is increasingly challenging to find any shrimp or tilapia, for example, that is not farmed.<\/p>\r\n

Given what conventional agriculture, whether marine or terrestrial, has wrought in its impacts on human health, ecosystems, and natural resources, concerned consumers now must pay close attention to the provenance of their provisions. In addition, pressure must be exerted on elected leaders, federal and state regulatory bodies, and even the local grocery, to shift food production to systems that don\u2019t cause such degradation, disease, and destruction. Please follow Beyond Pesticides\u2019 Daily News Blog<\/a>, its journal Pesticides and You<\/em><\/a>, its Facebook page (@BeyondPesticides<\/a>) and Twitter account (@ByondPesticides<\/a>), and reach out to us (info@beyondpesticides.org<\/a> or 202.543.5450) for how to advance the transition to an organic and sustainable food future.<\/p>\r\n

Sources: https:\/\/inews.co.uk\/news\/wild-swimmers-face-toxic-pesticide-health-risk-in-lochs-and-sea-from-220-scots-salmon-firms-report-warns-1605298<\/a> and https:\/\/s3.documentcloud.org\/documents\/21746810\/document-22585306.pdf<\/a><\/p>\r\n

All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, May 6, 2022)\u00a0A December 2021 report commissioned by the trade group Salmon Scotland concludes that the use of pesticide products by the nation\u2019s salmon farms represents potential risk to \u201cwild\u201d swimmers (those who swim in open ocean waters). The report\u2019s primary finding is that the use of insecticide products containing azamethiphos (an organophosphate), deltamethrin, and hydrogen peroxide to control sea lice in farmed fish contaminates sea water and, thus, threatens swimmers in the areas around the farms. Beyond Pesticides has reported on pesticide use in aquaculture, and most recently, on developing resistance \u2014 in the parasitic lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) that endanger both wild and farmed fish populations in the North Atlantic \u2014 to some of the chemical treatments used by aquaculturists to combat the parasite. The intense exploitation of wild fish and other marine creatures for human food (and as an ingredient in animal feeds) has caused, in recent decades, depletion of fish and seafood stocks across the world. The aquaculture industry \u2014 in which various aquatic species (fish, shellfish, and some plants) are bred, raised, and harvested in the open ocean \u2014 has grown rapidly as a response. Since the 1960s, the farming of salmon in the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31027,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[454,568,455,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31005","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-azamethiphos","category-farmed-fish","category-fish","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nPesticides Used in Farmed Fish Operations Threaten Health of Swimmers - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/05\/pesticides-used-in-farmed-fish-operations-threaten-health-of-swimmers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pesticides Used in Farmed Fish Operations Threaten Health of Swimmers - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, May 6, 2022)\u00a0A December 2021 report commissioned by the trade group Salmon Scotland concludes that the use of pesticide products by the nation\u2019s salmon farms represents potential risk to \u201cwild\u201d swimmers (those who swim in open ocean waters). The report\u2019s primary finding is that the use of insecticide products containing azamethiphos (an organophosphate), deltamethrin, and hydrogen peroxide to control sea lice in farmed fish contaminates sea water and, thus, threatens swimmers in the areas around the farms. Beyond Pesticides has reported on pesticide use in aquaculture, and most recently, on developing resistance \u2014 in the parasitic lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) that endanger both wild and farmed fish populations in the North Atlantic \u2014 to some of the chemical treatments used by aquaculturists to combat the parasite. The intense exploitation of wild fish and other marine creatures for human food (and as an ingredient in animal feeds) has caused, in recent decades, depletion of fish and seafood stocks across the world. The aquaculture industry \u2014 in which various aquatic species (fish, shellfish, and some plants) are bred, raised, and harvested in the open ocean \u2014 has grown rapidly as a response. 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The report\u2019s primary finding is that the use of insecticide products containing azamethiphos (an organophosphate), deltamethrin, and hydrogen peroxide to control sea lice in farmed fish contaminates sea water and, thus, threatens swimmers in the areas around the farms. Beyond Pesticides has reported on pesticide use in aquaculture, and most recently, on developing resistance \u2014 in the parasitic lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) that endanger both wild and farmed fish populations in the North Atlantic \u2014 to some of the chemical treatments used by aquaculturists to combat the parasite. The intense exploitation of wild fish and other marine creatures for human food (and as an ingredient in animal feeds) has caused, in recent decades, depletion of fish and seafood stocks across the world. The aquaculture industry \u2014 in which various aquatic species (fish, shellfish, and some plants) are bred, raised, and harvested in the open ocean \u2014 has grown rapidly as a response. Since the 1960s, the farming of salmon in the […]","og_url":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/05\/pesticides-used-in-farmed-fish-operations-threaten-health-of-swimmers\/","og_site_name":"Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides\/","article_published_time":"2022-05-06T04:01:54+00:00","article_modified_time":"2022-05-06T14:35:09+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1920,"height":1080,"url":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/swimmer.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Beyond Pesticides","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ByondPesticides","twitter_site":"@ByondPesticides","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Beyond Pesticides","Est. reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/05\/pesticides-used-in-farmed-fish-operations-threaten-health-of-swimmers\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/05\/pesticides-used-in-farmed-fish-operations-threaten-health-of-swimmers\/"},"author":{"name":"Beyond Pesticides","@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#\/schema\/person\/1b5c0a0981b549cc5b628770073031f4"},"headline":"Pesticides Used in Farmed Fish Operations Threaten Health of Swimmers","datePublished":"2022-05-06T04:01:54+00:00","dateModified":"2022-05-06T14:35:09+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/05\/pesticides-used-in-farmed-fish-operations-threaten-health-of-swimmers\/"},"wordCount":1920,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/05\/pesticides-used-in-farmed-fish-operations-threaten-health-of-swimmers\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/swimmer.jpg","articleSection":["azamethiphos","farmed fish","fish"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/05\/pesticides-used-in-farmed-fish-operations-threaten-health-of-swimmers\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/05\/pesticides-used-in-farmed-fish-operations-threaten-health-of-swimmers\/","url":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/05\/pesticides-used-in-farmed-fish-operations-threaten-health-of-swimmers\/","name":"Pesticides Used in Farmed Fish Operations Threaten Health of Swimmers - 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By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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