{"id":31281,"date":"2022-06-30T00:01:49","date_gmt":"2022-06-30T04:01:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=31281"},"modified":"2022-06-29T16:50:40","modified_gmt":"2022-06-29T20:50:40","slug":"common-fungicide-again-linked-to-parkinsons-disease-with-molecular-disruption","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/06\/common-fungicide-again-linked-to-parkinsons-disease-with-molecular-disruption\/","title":{"rendered":"Common Fungicide Again Linked to Parkinson\u2019s Disease with Molecular Disruption"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>(<em>Beyond Pesticides,<\/em> June 30, 2022) A study by Zhongnan University and Shandong University in China finds that the broad-spectrum fungicide\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-gateway?pesticideid=45\">maneb<\/a>\u00a0increases Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) risk and development through alterations in protein and metabolite pathways, resulting in neurotoxicity. Several studies find exposure to chemical toxicants, like pesticides, have neurotoxic effects or exacerbate preexisting chemical damage to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/category\/diseasehealth-effects\/nervous-system-effects\/\">nervous system<\/a>. Although the mechanism by which pesticides induce disease development remains unclear, this study suggests neurological damage from oxidative stress, cell dysfunction, and synapses impairment, among others, increases the incidence of PD subsequent to pesticide exposure.<\/p>\n<p>Parkinson\u2019s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with at least one million Americans living with PD and about 50,000 new diagnoses annually. The disease affects 50 percent more men than women, and individuals with PD have a variety of symptoms, including loss of muscle control and trembling, anxiety and depression, constipation and urinary difficulties, dementia, and sleep disturbances. Over time, symptoms intensify, but there is no current cure for this fatal disease. While only 10 to 15 percent of PD cases are genetic, PD is quickly becoming the world\u2019s fastest-growing brain disease. Therefore, research like this highlights the need to examine molecular mechanisms involved in altering chemical processes in the body that cause severe and even fatal health effects. The researchers note that the study reveals \u201cthe molecular mechanisms of maneb and other pesticides\u201d that induce PD.<\/p>\n<p>Researchers exposed the human cell line SH-SY5Y to environmentally relevant concentrations of maneb and evaluated mice with the common pathological feature of neurogenerative disease, \u03b1-synuclein, in the presence of asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) enzyme activation. Using an in vitro assay, researchers determined cell viability related to dose-dependent maneb exposure at environmentally relevant levels. The results show that \u03b1-synuclein mice display PD-like motor impairment behavior after maneb exposure, with proteomics and metabolomics (omics) analyses on mice brain and blood serum constituents indicating alterations in protein and metabolite pathways involved in neurotransmission. To verify the results of the omics studies, researchers used the Western blot analysis and targeted metabolomics, demonstrating maneb induces neurological disturbances related to PD pathways. These disturbances include phenylalanine and tryptophan metabolism pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, dopaminergic synapse, and synaptic vesicle cycle.<\/p>\n<p>Parkinson\u2019s disease occurs when there is damage to the dopaminergic nerve cells (i.e., those activated by or sensitive to dopamine) in the brain that are responsible for dopamine production, one of the primary neurotransmitters mediating motor function. Although the cause of dopaminergic cell damage remains unknown,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2020\/05\/glyphosate-in-roundup-linked-to-parkinsons-disease\/\">evidence<\/a>\u00a0suggests that pesticide exposure, especially chronic exposure, may be the culprit. Occupational exposure poses a unique risk, as pesticide exposure is direct via handling and application. A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0160412016305323\">2017 study<\/a>\u00a0finds that occupational use of pesticides (i.e., fungicides, herbicides, or insecticides) increases PD risk by 110 to 211 percent. Even more concerning is that some personal protection equipment (PPE) may not adequately protect workers from chemical exposure during application. However, nonoccupational (residential) pesticide exposure, such as proximity to pesticide-treated areas, also presents a risk for PD development. A\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2020\/07\/study-matches-parkinsons-disease-risk-to-zip-code-proximity-to-pesticide-use\/\">Louisiana State University study<\/a>\u00a0finds that residents living adjacent to pesticide-treated pasture and forest from the agriculture and timber industry have higher rates of PD incidence. Furthermore, pesticide residue in waterways and on produce present an alternate route for residential pesticide exposure to increase the risk for PD via ingestion. Pesticide contamination in waterways is historically commonplace and widespread in U.S. rivers and streams, with over\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2020\/09\/u-s-geological-survey-finds-mixtures-of-pesticides-are-widespread-in-u-s-rivers-and-streams\/\">90 percent of water samples containing at least five or more pesticides<\/a>. Pesticide exposure can cause severe health problems even at low residue levels, including\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/endocrine-disruption\">endocrine disruption<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/cancer\">cancers<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/sexual-and-reproductive-dysfunction\">reproductive dysfunction<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/asthma\">respiratory problems<\/a>\u00a0(e.g., asthma, bronchitis),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/brain-and-nervous-system-disorders\">neurological impacts<\/a>\u00a0(e.g., developmental effects and Parkinson\u2019s), among\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/overview\">others<\/a>. Nevertheless,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/gateway\/health%20effects\/parkinson%27s%20cited.pdf\">direct occupational and indirect nonoccupational exposure to pesticides can increase the risk of PD<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>This study is the first to thoroughly investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in PD symptom development from maneb exposure, indicating a reduction of neurotransmitters and disturbance of neurotransmission systems. However,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27598189\/\">prior studies<\/a>\u00a0indicate that a pathological (disease-causing) agent, like pesticides, may infiltrate the nervous system via the olfactory bulb, gut, or both and circulate throughout the nervous system to increase PD risk. This study adds to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/parkinsons-disease\">large body of scientific studies<\/a>\u00a0strongly implicating pesticide\u2019s involvement in Parkinson\u2019s disease development. Pesticides themselves, mixtures of chemicals such as Agent Orange (2,4-D and 2,4,5-T) or dioxins, and therapeutic hormones or pharmaceutical products can possess the ability to disrupt neurological function. Moreover,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5734986\/#R1\">90 percent<\/a>\u00a0of Americans have at least one pesticide compound in their body, primarily from dietary exposure, like<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/03\/common-use-organophosphate-insecticides-pose-a-greater-threat-to-womens-health\/\">\u00a0food<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2020\/05\/ddt-metabolite-dde-and-other-banned-pesticides-found-in-blood-sample-of-african-american-women-in-detroit\/\">drinking water<\/a>. These toxic compounds have a global distribution, with evaporation and precipitation facilitating long-range atmospheric transport, deposition, and bioaccumulation of hazardous chemicals in the environment. Thus, exposure to these toxicants can cause several adverse environmental and biological health effects. With the increasing ubiquity of pesticides, current measures safeguarding against pesticide use must adequately detect and assess total chemical contaminants. Therefore, the impacts of pesticides on the nervous system, including the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/category\/diseasehealth-effects\/brain-effects\/\">brain<\/a>, are hazardous, especially for chronically exposed individuals (e.g., farm workers) or during critical windows of vulnerability and development (e.g., childhood, pregnancy). Considering health officials expect Parkinson\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.neurologytimes.com\/parkinson-disease\/parkinson-disease-rise\">disease diagnoses to double<\/a>\u00a0over the next 20 years, it is essential to mitigate preventable exposure from disease-inducing pesticides.<\/p>\n<p>Although the exact cause of PD remains unknown,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2020\/11\/pesticide-exposure-increases-the-risk-of-developing-gene-specific-and-sporadic-parkinsons-disease-incidences\/\">studies\u00a0<\/a>continuously identify pesticide exposure and specific gene-pesticide interactions as significant adverse risk factors. However, only a small percentage of PD is\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2020\/11\/pesticide-exposure-increases-the-risk-of-developing-gene-specific-and-sporadic-parkinsons-disease-incidences\/\">genetic<\/a>, and PD is quickly becoming \u201cthe world\u2019s fastest-growing brain disease.\u201d Therefore, research like this is vital for examining how various pesticides and their exposure routes present potential risk factors for developing diseases like Parkinson\u2019s. Environmental triggers like occupational exposure to pesticides can prompt PD in individuals with or without the genetic precursor.<\/p>\n<p>The scientific literature demonstrates pesticides\u2019 long history of severe adverse effects on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/overview\">human health<\/a>\u00a0(i.e., endocrine disruption, cancer, reproductive\/birth problems, neurotoxicity, loss of biodiversity, etc.) and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/wildlife\">wildlife<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/biodiversity\">biodiversity<\/a>. In addition to this research,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/category\/diseasehealth-effects\/nervous-system-effects\/\">several studies<\/a>\u00a0demonstrate\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/category\/diseasehealth-effects\/autism\/\">autism<\/a>, mood disorders (e.g.,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/category\/diseasehealth-effects\/depression\/\">depression<\/a>), and degenerative neurological conditions (e.g.,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/category\/diseasehealth-effects\/als-diseasehealth-effects\/\">ALS<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/category\/diseasehealth-effects\/alzheimerss\/\">Alzheimer\u2019s<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/category\/diseasehealth-effects\/parkinsons\/\">Parkinson\u2019s<\/a>) among aquatic and terrestrial animals, including humans, exposed to pesticides. However, there are several limitations in defining real-world poisoning as captured by epidemiologic studies in Beyond Pesticides\u2019\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/overview\">Pesticide-Induced Diseases Database<\/a>. The adverse health effects of pesticides, exposure, and the aggregate risk of pesticides showcase a need for more extensive research on occupational and nonoccupational pesticide exposure, especially in agriculture. For more information on the effects of pesticide exposure on neurological health, see PIDD pages on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/brain-and-nervous-system-disorders#a8\">Parkinson\u2019s disease<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/brain-and-nervous-system-disorders#a3\">dementia<\/a>-like diseases, such as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/brain-and-nervous-system-disorders#a1\">Alzheimer\u2019s<\/a>, and other impacts on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/brain-and-nervous-system-disorders#a10\">cognitive function<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Parkinson\u2019s disease has no cure, but preventive practices like organics can eliminate exposure to toxic PD-inducing pesticides. Organic agriculture represents a safer, healthier approach to crop production that does not necessitate pesticide use. Beyond Pesticides encourages farmers to embrace\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/organic-agriculture\/why-organic\/health-benefits\">regenerative, organic<\/a>\u00a0practices and consumers to purchase organically grown food. A complement to buying organic is contacting\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/eating-with-a-conscience\/farmworkers\">various organic farming organizations<\/a>\u00a0to learn more about what you can do. Those affected by pesticide drift can refer to Beyond Pesticides\u2019 webpage on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/pesticide-emergencies\/what-to-do\">What to Do in a Pesticide Emergency<\/a>\u00a0and contact the organization for additional information. Furthermore, see Beyond Pesticides\u2019\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/infoservices\/pesticidesandyou\/Spring%202008\/parkinsonscited.pdf\">Parkinson\u2019s Disease article<\/a>\u00a0from the Spring 2008 issue of\u00a0<em>Pesticides and You<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><em>All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/papers.ssrn.com\/sol3\/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4003270\">Zhongnan University\u00a0and Shandong University<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Beyond Pesticides, June 30, 2022) A study by Zhongnan University and Shandong University in China finds that the broad-spectrum fungicide\u00a0maneb\u00a0increases Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) risk and development through alterations in protein and metabolite pathways, resulting in neurotoxicity. Several studies find exposure to chemical toxicants, like pesticides, have neurotoxic effects or exacerbate preexisting chemical damage to the\u00a0nervous system. Although the mechanism by which pesticides induce disease development remains unclear, this study suggests neurological damage from oxidative stress, cell dysfunction, and synapses impairment, among others, increases the incidence of PD subsequent to pesticide exposure. Parkinson\u2019s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with at least one million Americans living with PD and about 50,000 new diagnoses annually. The disease affects 50 percent more men than women, and individuals with PD have a variety of symptoms, including loss of muscle control and trembling, anxiety and depression, constipation and urinary difficulties, dementia, and sleep disturbances. Over time, symptoms intensify, but there is no current cure for this fatal disease. While only 10 to 15 percent of PD cases are genetic, PD is quickly becoming the world\u2019s fastest-growing brain disease. Therefore, research like this highlights the need to examine molecular mechanisms involved in altering chemical [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":27049,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[242,145,521],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nervous-system-effects","category-parkinsons","category-poisoning"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Common Fungicide Again Linked to Parkinson\u2019s Disease with Molecular Disruption - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/06\/common-fungicide-again-linked-to-parkinsons-disease-with-molecular-disruption\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Common Fungicide Again Linked to Parkinson\u2019s Disease with Molecular Disruption - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, June 30, 2022) A study by Zhongnan University and Shandong University in China finds that the broad-spectrum fungicide\u00a0maneb\u00a0increases Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) risk and development through alterations in protein and metabolite pathways, resulting in neurotoxicity. Several studies find exposure to chemical toxicants, like pesticides, have neurotoxic effects or exacerbate preexisting chemical damage to the\u00a0nervous system. Although the mechanism by which pesticides induce disease development remains unclear, this study suggests neurological damage from oxidative stress, cell dysfunction, and synapses impairment, among others, increases the incidence of PD subsequent to pesticide exposure. Parkinson\u2019s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with at least one million Americans living with PD and about 50,000 new diagnoses annually. The disease affects 50 percent more men than women, and individuals with PD have a variety of symptoms, including loss of muscle control and trembling, anxiety and depression, constipation and urinary difficulties, dementia, and sleep disturbances. Over time, symptoms intensify, but there is no current cure for this fatal disease. While only 10 to 15 percent of PD cases are genetic, PD is quickly becoming the world\u2019s fastest-growing brain disease. Therefore, research like this highlights the need to examine molecular mechanisms involved in altering chemical [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/06\/common-fungicide-again-linked-to-parkinsons-disease-with-molecular-disruption\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-06-30T04:01:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/jnnp-2015-June-86-6-667-F1.large-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1269\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1280\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Beyond Pesticides\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ByondPesticides\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ByondPesticides\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Beyond Pesticides\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/06\/common-fungicide-again-linked-to-parkinsons-disease-with-molecular-disruption\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/06\/common-fungicide-again-linked-to-parkinsons-disease-with-molecular-disruption\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Beyond Pesticides\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#\/schema\/person\/1b5c0a0981b549cc5b628770073031f4\"},\"headline\":\"Common Fungicide Again Linked to Parkinson\u2019s Disease with Molecular Disruption\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-30T04:01:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/06\/common-fungicide-again-linked-to-parkinsons-disease-with-molecular-disruption\/\"},\"wordCount\":1247,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/06\/common-fungicide-again-linked-to-parkinsons-disease-with-molecular-disruption\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/jnnp-2015-June-86-6-667-F1.large-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Nervous System Effects\",\"Parkinson's\",\"Poisoning\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/06\/common-fungicide-again-linked-to-parkinsons-disease-with-molecular-disruption\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/06\/common-fungicide-again-linked-to-parkinsons-disease-with-molecular-disruption\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2022\/06\/common-fungicide-again-linked-to-parkinsons-disease-with-molecular-disruption\/\",\"name\":\"Common Fungicide Again Linked to Parkinson\u2019s Disease with Molecular Disruption - 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The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides) as a nonprofit membership organization in 1981, felt that without the existence of such an organized, national network, local, state and national pesticide policy would become, under chemical industry pressure, increasingly unresponsive to public health and environmental concerns. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions that affect them directly. We believe decisions should not be made for us by chemical companies or by decision-makers who either do not have all of the facts or refuse to consider them. Learn more about our work, read A Year in Review\u20142021, our accomplishments are your victories! Beyond Pesticides seeks to protect healthy air, water, land, and food for ourselves and future generations. 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Several studies find exposure to chemical toxicants, like pesticides, have neurotoxic effects or exacerbate preexisting chemical damage to the\u00a0nervous system. Although the mechanism by which pesticides induce disease development remains unclear, this study suggests neurological damage from oxidative stress, cell dysfunction, and synapses impairment, among others, increases the incidence of PD subsequent to pesticide exposure. Parkinson\u2019s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with at least one million Americans living with PD and about 50,000 new diagnoses annually. The disease affects 50 percent more men than women, and individuals with PD have a variety of symptoms, including loss of muscle control and trembling, anxiety and depression, constipation and urinary difficulties, dementia, and sleep disturbances. Over time, symptoms intensify, but there is no current cure for this fatal disease. While only 10 to 15 percent of PD cases are genetic, PD is quickly becoming the world\u2019s fastest-growing brain disease. 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