{"id":32689,"date":"2023-04-14T00:01:06","date_gmt":"2023-04-14T04:01:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=32689"},"modified":"2023-04-14T11:33:33","modified_gmt":"2023-04-14T15:33:33","slug":"two-pesticides-threaten-dozens-of-endangered-species-epa-proposes-failed-risk-mitigation-measures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2023\/04\/two-pesticides-threaten-dozens-of-endangered-species-epa-proposes-failed-risk-mitigation-measures\/","title":{"rendered":"Two Pesticides Threaten Dozens of Endangered Species, EPA Proposes Failed Risk Mitigation Measures"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

(Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, April 14, 2023) In March, scientists at the National Marine Fisheries Service<\/a> (NMFS) issued a draft Biological Opinion<\/a> (BiOp) stating that carbaryl<\/a> and methomyl<\/a> \u2014 two commonly used carbamate insecticides \u2014 cause significant harm to dozens of already-endangered fish species in the Pacific Northwest\u2019s Columbia, Willamette, and Snake rivers. The BiOp indicates that these toxic compounds, in wide use on orchards and field vegetables throughout the Willamette Valley, the Columbia River Gorge, and southeastern Washington, will likely threaten scores of species on the Endangered Species<\/a> list: 37 species at risk from carbaryl and 30 from methomyl. In addition, the BiOp says, \u201cboth are likely to harm or destroy many areas designated as critical habitat for endangered species.\u201d The mitigation measures proposed by NMFS and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in light of this BiOp, are likely to be inadequate to the problem, given that both compounds can drift through air<\/a> and\/or migrate into groundwater and generate toxic runoff<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n

These two neurotoxic insecticides,\u00a0carbaryl<\/a> and methomyl<\/a>, are very toxic to bees, birds, fish, and other aquatic organisms. In addition, carbaryl is a likely human carcinogen and an endocrine disruptor, and has harmful impacts on multiple bodily systems. Methomyl is also an endocrine disruptor, and can cause renal and hepatic damage.<\/p>\r\n

NMFS and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) are the lead federal agencies tasked with implementing the Endangered Species Act<\/a> (ESA). Under the law\u2019s requirements, EPA must evaluate any pesticide it registers to make sure it is not likely to result in jeopardy to the \u201ccontinued existence of any listed species or result in the destruction or adverse modification of designated critical habitat of such species.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

When EPA makes a determination that a pesticide product may so affect such species or habitats, the agency must initiate formal consultation with NMFS, the FWS, or both. Those agencies may then develop and issue their own BiOps on the jeopardy a pesticide presents to listed species and\/or critical habitats. The new NMFS draft BiOp is open to\u00a0public comment<\/a>\u00a0until May 15; at some point after that date, EPA will provide official comments to NMFS for consideration in developing its final opinion.<\/p>\r\n

Beyond Pesticides has noted \u2014 in its 2020 comments on the draft ESA Biological Evaluations for carbaryl and methomyl \u2014 that the ESA embodies a more precautionary approach than does the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), federal pesticide law. The consultation requirement means that scientists at FWS and\/or NMFS, who have greater expertise in evaluating harms to species and their habitats than do EPA scientists, have the chance to influence EPA pesticide regulation.<\/p>\r\n

The draft BiOp suggests<\/a> measures to \u201cavoid jeopardy, including a flexible list of chemical-specific measures to reduce loading of pesticides into aquatic habitats to protect them from adverse effects of pesticide exposure. It also includes measures to minimize take and impacts to critical habitats, such as the development of ESA educational materials, reporting of label compliance monitoring, and inclusion of label information about ecological incident reporting.\u201d (Under ESA, \u201ctake\u201d means unintentional harm or killing of an individual of a protected species.) According to Oregon Public Broadcasting<\/em>, FWS \u201crecommends either prohibiting the chemicals within 300 meters (about 325 yards) of species\u2019 habitat or implementing mitigation practices, like expanding vegetation ditches as buffers or using tools that reduce runoff.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

The EPA website indicates<\/a> that it and NMFS are particularly interested in public comments relating to (1) additional risk reduction options beyond those described in the biological opinion; (2) the general feasibility of drift reduction measures based on wind direction; and (3) runoff and\/or spray drift reduction technologies. Clearly, EPA is aware that drift and runoff represent ongoing vectors for listed species\u2019 exposures to these two compounds; a between-the-lines read might reasonably conclude that EPA understands that current measures do not adequately protect the Northwest species at risk from carbaryl and methomyl.<\/p>\r\n

As background: According to the EPA website<\/a>, in March 2021, the agency completed its final biological evaluations for carbaryl and methomyl \u2014 resulting in determinations of \u201clikely to adversely affect\u201d (LAA) for 1,640 listed species and 736 designated critical habitats for carbaryl, and 1,098 listed species and 736 designated critical habitats for methomyl. Carbaryl continues to undergo the every-15-years registration review required by FIFRA<\/a>, the federal statute governing all things \u201cpesticide\u201d). In October 2022, EPA announced revisions to the proposed interim registration decision on methomyl.<\/p>\r\n

In late December 2022, EPA proposed new mitigations to attempt to curb some of the harms of carbaryl\u2019s use, including:
\r\n
\r\n\u2022 some use cancellations for residential dust formulations, residential granular formulations on turf, use on rice, and backpack applications to control tree boring beetles
\r\n\u2022 additional personal protective equipment for some uses
\r\n\u2022 longer restricted entry intervals for some uses
\r\n\u2022 mandatory spray drift language that prohibits application within 25 feet of aquatic habitats for ground applications and 150 feet for aerial applications
\r\n\u2022 mitigation to reduce runoff through protection statements and application restrictions during rain
\r\n\u2022 measures to protect pollinators from carbaryl exposure, including restrictions on applications during bloom<\/p>\r\n

EPA also proposed<\/a> at the time a \u201cpilot\u201d set of measures for protection of four endangered species, one of which was \u2014 notably \u2014 steelhead trout in the upper Columbia River. It also offered a number of \u201creasonable alternative measures\u201d intended to protect listed salmon and steelhead species in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and California; those included vegetated filter strips, retention ponds, water control structures, no-till\/reduced tillage practices, riparian hedgerow, and no-spray buffers. As of publication, no evidence of the enactment of these measures was publicly and readily available.<\/p>\r\n

As for methomyl, EPA issued<\/a> (in 2022) Proposed Revisions to the Methomyl Proposed Interim Registration Review Decision \u2014 on the heels of a successful lawsuit<\/a> brought by the Center for Biological Diversity and Pesticide Action Network. EPA had made LAA determinations for 1,098 species and 281 designated critical habitats in its BiOp on the compound\u2019s impacts. In response, the agency proffered another set of mitigation measures (roughly analogous to those for carbaryl), including a three-species pilot. Remarkably, EPA concluded that the proposed FIFRA mitigation largely addresses the potential effects, on Pacific salmon and steelhead species, of the use of methomyl.<\/p>\r\n

In February 2023, Beyond Pesticides reported on other chemical pesticide assaults<\/a> on Northwest salmonid species (which include steelhead trout); previously, we covered the harms<\/a> of three organophosphate pesticides (chlorpyrifos<\/a>, malathion<\/a>, and diazinon<\/a>) on these same species. (The organophosphate insecticide malathion and methomyl have a similar mode of action \u2014 acetylcholinesterase inhibition.) These fish species are economically, culturally,<\/a> and ecologically<\/a> critical to the region. The multiplicity of pesticides to which they are exposed, given intensive agricultural pesticide use in the region, contributes significantly to the well-documented decline of salmonid species. Subject simultaneously to impacts of pesticides, habitat loss, and climate change, these species are in trouble<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n

EPA has a history of continuing to allow use of pesticides that are demonstrably harmful, and taking relatively anemic measures to amend the compounds\u2019 use, in an attempt to reduce harms; examples fairly abound. In the current biodiversity crisis, for which pesticides bear some responsibility, the agency\u2019s lack of robust protective action is unacceptable.<\/p>\r\n

In March 2022, EPA \u2014 succumbing to industry pressure \u2014 continued the registration<\/a> of the organophosphate insecticide malathion, despite the agency\u2019s own findings that this class of insecticides has negative impacts on more than 1,000 endangered and threatened species, and that malathion, specifically, threatens 1,284 species. In 2021, EPA reregistered paraquat<\/a>, the most acutely dangerous herbicide on the market, with some additional constraints on its use. (It subsequently went to a federal court<\/a> in October 2022 to request permission to return and reconsider its decision to reapprove paraquat.)<\/p>\r\n

In 2016, EPA registered sulfoxaflor<\/a>, a so-called \u201cnovel,\u201d systemic, neurotoxic insecticide that, like neonicotinoids, acts on nACh (nicotinic acetylcholine) receptors, and is very toxic to bees<\/a>. Beyond Pesticides wrote at the time<\/a>, \u201cThis decision is the final result of a long-fought legal battle over the chemical\u2019s registration, spearheaded by beekeepers and public health organizations concerned with what has been identified as EPA\u2019s inadequate and flawed pesticide review processes. The agency claims that amendments made to the original registration . . . will protect pollinators. However, scientific studies have shown that there is no way to fully limit exposure to bees, especially native species that exist naturally in the environment, given that the chemical, being systemic, is found in pollen, nectar, and guttation droplets.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Sulfoxaflor is used to kill aphids and another sucking\/piercing insects on many crops, including vegetables, fruits and tree fruits, and nuts. In 2019, EPA granted approvals for sulfoxaflor to be used extremely widely on crops that are highly attractive to pollinators<\/em> \u2014 an astonishing move, given the toxicity to bees. Research suggests<\/a> that beneficial insects are exposed to sulfoxaflor at relatively high concentrations in agricultural environments. In a late 2021 win for bees, a California Superior Court ruled<\/a> that this \u201cfield legal but bee lethal\u201d pesticide could no longer be used in the state.<\/p>\r\n

In its comment to EPA on registration of sulfoxaflor, Beyond Pesticides wrote, \u201cEPA is proposing to repeat missteps of the past by registering a pesticide known to be toxic to nontarget organisms without all required data to ensure its safety. As already seen with the neonicotinoid clothianidin, and the herbicide aminocyclopyrachlor, conditional registration without relevant ecological data can be detrimental to non-target species.\u201d Indeed, according to The Chicago Tribune<\/em><\/a>, attorneys general from Illinois and 12 other states have now called on EPA<\/a> to restrict use of sufloxaflor because of its toxic impacts on bees and other pollinators.<\/p>\r\n

Beyond Pesticides Executive Director Jay Feldman notes that, \u201cEPA is consistently unrealistic and downright misleading about the real effects of the pesticide risk mitigation measures it enacts. They do not meet the agency\u2019s statutory mandate to protect health and the environment; what result are agency decisions that allow harm to those people and ecosystems EPA is charged with protecting.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Beyond Pesticides has repeatedly critiqued EPA for its abject lack of appropriate protective action on toxic pesticides \u2014 especially in the face of species on the brink of extinction, the unfolding pollinator and insect collapse, endemic human health impacts, and widespread contamination of natural resources and ecosystems. Many health and environmental advocates see EPA as an irresponsible federal agency falling far short of meeting its mission, as the nation (and world) face those extreme challenges.<\/p>\r\n

“EPA is proposing risk mitigation measure that the agency knows do not work. It’s shameful,” said Mr. Feldman. He continued, “EPA knows that nothing short of cancellation is adequately protective, and the agency should know that we no longer need these toxic chemicals to produce food and manage landscapes.”<\/p>\r\n

Conventional, chemical-intensive U.S. agriculture \u2014 and the huge network of businesses, trade groups, and government agencies and programs that inform, support, and help fund it \u2014 is incredibly \u201cdug in\u201d to pesticide use as the way to do business. This grave and recklessness addiction to chemical pesticides in agriculture can be genuinely solved through a solution that is known, demonstrable, executable, and scalable: the\u00a0transition to organic, regenerative agricultural practices<\/a>. Organic agriculture can not only maintain productivity and profitability, but also, increase societal resiliency, sustain living beings and Nature\u2019s functional integrity, and liberate everyone and everything from the toxic impacts of pesticides.<\/p>\r\n

Source: https:\/\/www.opb.org\/article\/2023\/03\/22\/portland-oregon-pesticides-endangered-fish-species-carbaryl-methomyl-chinook-coho-salmon\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n

All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, April 14, 2023) In March, scientists at the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) issued a draft Biological Opinion (BiOp) stating that carbaryl and methomyl \u2014 two commonly used carbamate insecticides \u2014 cause significant harm to dozens of already-endangered fish species in the Pacific Northwest\u2019s Columbia, Willamette, and Snake rivers. The BiOp indicates that these toxic compounds, in wide use on orchards and field vegetables throughout the Willamette Valley, the Columbia River Gorge, and southeastern Washington, will likely threaten scores of species on the Endangered Species list: 37 species at risk from carbaryl and 30 from methomyl. In addition, the BiOp says, \u201cboth are likely to harm or destroy many areas designated as critical habitat for endangered species.\u201d The mitigation measures proposed by NMFS and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in light of this BiOp, are likely to be inadequate to the problem, given that both compounds can drift through air and\/or migrate into groundwater and generate toxic runoff. These two neurotoxic insecticides,\u00a0carbaryl and methomyl, are very toxic to bees, birds, fish, and other aquatic organisms. In addition, carbaryl is a likely human carcinogen and an endocrine disruptor, and has harmful impacts on multiple bodily systems. Methomyl is […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":32744,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51,354,364,210,322,1,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32689","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-carbaryl","category-environmental-protection-agency-epa","category-fish-and-wildlife-service-fws","category-methomyl","category-sulfoxaflor","category-uncategorized","category-wildlifeenvironment"],"yoast_head":"\nTwo Pesticides Threaten Dozens of Endangered Species, EPA Proposes Failed Risk Mitigation Measures - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2023\/04\/two-pesticides-threaten-dozens-of-endangered-species-epa-proposes-failed-risk-mitigation-measures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Two Pesticides Threaten Dozens of Endangered Species, EPA Proposes Failed Risk Mitigation Measures - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, April 14, 2023) In March, scientists at the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) issued a draft Biological Opinion (BiOp) stating that carbaryl and methomyl \u2014 two commonly used carbamate insecticides \u2014 cause significant harm to dozens of already-endangered fish species in the Pacific Northwest\u2019s Columbia, Willamette, and Snake rivers. The BiOp indicates that these toxic compounds, in wide use on orchards and field vegetables throughout the Willamette Valley, the Columbia River Gorge, and southeastern Washington, will likely threaten scores of species on the Endangered Species list: 37 species at risk from carbaryl and 30 from methomyl. In addition, the BiOp says, \u201cboth are likely to harm or destroy many areas designated as critical habitat for endangered species.\u201d The mitigation measures proposed by NMFS and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in light of this BiOp, are likely to be inadequate to the problem, given that both compounds can drift through air and\/or migrate into groundwater and generate toxic runoff. These two neurotoxic insecticides,\u00a0carbaryl and methomyl, are very toxic to bees, birds, fish, and other aquatic organisms. In addition, carbaryl is a likely human carcinogen and an endocrine disruptor, and has harmful impacts on multiple bodily systems. 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The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides) as a nonprofit membership organization in 1981, felt that without the existence of such an organized, national network, local, state and national pesticide policy would become, under chemical industry pressure, increasingly unresponsive to public health and environmental concerns. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions that affect them directly. We believe decisions should not be made for us by chemical companies or by decision-makers who either do not have all of the facts or refuse to consider them. Learn more about our work, read A Year in Review\u20142021, our accomplishments are your victories! Beyond Pesticides seeks to protect healthy air, water, land, and food for ourselves and future generations. By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions which affect them directly.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/beyondpesticides\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/beyond-pesticides\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/ByondPesticides\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/bpncamp\/\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/author\/beyond-pesticides\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Two Pesticides Threaten Dozens of Endangered Species, EPA Proposes Failed Risk Mitigation Measures - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2023\/04\/two-pesticides-threaten-dozens-of-endangered-species-epa-proposes-failed-risk-mitigation-measures\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Two Pesticides Threaten Dozens of Endangered Species, EPA Proposes Failed Risk Mitigation Measures - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog","og_description":"(Beyond Pesticides, April 14, 2023) In March, scientists at the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) issued a draft Biological Opinion (BiOp) stating that carbaryl and methomyl \u2014 two commonly used carbamate insecticides \u2014 cause significant harm to dozens of already-endangered fish species in the Pacific Northwest\u2019s Columbia, Willamette, and Snake rivers. The BiOp indicates that these toxic compounds, in wide use on orchards and field vegetables throughout the Willamette Valley, the Columbia River Gorge, and southeastern Washington, will likely threaten scores of species on the Endangered Species list: 37 species at risk from carbaryl and 30 from methomyl. In addition, the BiOp says, \u201cboth are likely to harm or destroy many areas designated as critical habitat for endangered species.\u201d The mitigation measures proposed by NMFS and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in light of this BiOp, are likely to be inadequate to the problem, given that both compounds can drift through air and\/or migrate into groundwater and generate toxic runoff. These two neurotoxic insecticides,\u00a0carbaryl and methomyl, are very toxic to bees, birds, fish, and other aquatic organisms. In addition, carbaryl is a likely human carcinogen and an endocrine disruptor, and has harmful impacts on multiple bodily systems. 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