{"id":329,"date":"2008-04-17T07:23:50","date_gmt":"2008-04-17T11:23:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=329"},"modified":"2008-04-17T10:30:05","modified_gmt":"2008-04-17T14:30:05","slug":"experts-discuss-the-greening-of-golf-courses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2008\/04\/experts-discuss-the-greening-of-golf-courses\/","title":{"rendered":"Experts Discuss the Greening of Golf Courses"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, <\/em>April 17, 2008) In what it calls the most important article it has ever published, Golf Digest<\/em> in its May 2008 issue (pp 196-232) publishes an article, How Green is Golf<\/a>?<\/em>, which asks the hard questions about the environmental impact of golf in a series of in-depth interviews, including a builder, golf course superintendent, regulator and environmentalist. The article spans a range of opinions on water usage, pesticide contamination, and management practices, with general agreement that golfer expectations and management practices must move and are moving in an environmental direction, citing important ways in which attitudes and understanding must change. Despite the documented problems with pesticides, the head of EPA\u2019s pesticide program, in what is described as a \u201crebuttal\u201d to criticism of pesticides and the pesticide registration process that are highlighted, responds without addressing key specifics identified in the article and preferring to extol the virtues of the EPA\u2019s pesticide program. <\/font><\/font><\/p>\n

The article says in its introduction, \u201cAs water becomes scarcer, as organic management practices increase, as environmentalism and environmental legislation start to bite more than they have, as the economy struggles, and as we come to appreciate the aesthetics of golf courses in all their many natural, beautiful hues, the way the game looks will change. And the way it plays will change too, with firmer and faster turf demanding a return to shotmaking, creativity, the bump-and-run. It\u2019s starring to happen already: The hot courses are not dutiful apostles of Augusta; they are unique, wild and woolly-looking layouts like Bandon Dunes, Sand Hills, Chambers Bay. Americans increasingly love to visit the rugged natural links of the British isles, where the game began.\u201d<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n

In the piece, Jay Feldman, executive director of Beyond Pesticides, points out the hazards of pesticides to human health and the environment and the high degree of inadequate health and safety data, indicting EPA\u2019s cumulative risk assessment process, which specifically permits the continued use of the potent nerve poison chlorpyrifos (trade name Dursban) on golf courses (after banning its residential uses in 2000) with the assumption that young children do not play golf. Mr. Feldman urges golfers to play a more active role in developing guidelines and approaches that support golf course superintendents\u2019 strategies to avoid toxic chemical use. He criticized the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America (GCSAA) for walking lock step with the chemical industry which does not represent the interests of the golfers, superintendents or the environment. GCSAA, given an opportunity to respond in the article says, \u201cThese [chemical companies] provide funds that help enable us to deliver programs and services to our members and the golf industry. Many of these programs are focused on environmental management. It behooves us to work cooperatively with those manufacturers so that we can gather and distribute reliable and accurate information to our members.\u201d<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n

EPA\u2019s \u201crebuttal<\/a>\u201d by Debra Edwards, Ph.D., director of the Office of Pesticide Programs, does not dispute most of the specifics outlined in the Feldman interview. Instead, she uses her space on the Golf Digest<\/em> website to offer a boilerplate characterization of the pesticide registration program. \u201c[E]PA bases its decisions to register pesticides for use in the United States on scientific data showing that the pesticides meet applicable safety standards to protect human health and the environment when used as directed on product labeling,\u201d Dr. Edwards says. She refers to \u201crigorous risk assessment\u201d and \u201cuncertainty factors\u201d without addressing the deficiency of false assumptions, such as children not playing golf, and lack of attention to synergistic effects and mixtures. Without admitting that the agency is years behind a statutory schedule to fully test pesticides for endocrine disruption, she says \u201c[W]e have now developed and will begin requiring new studies to help us understand whether endocrine disruption is the mechanism causing the effects,\u201d but does not say when and how long it will take. In her rebuttal, Dr. Edwards prefers to focus on the number of completed reevaluations of existing pesticide food tolerances (9,721 over the past 12 years) rather than the quality or documented deficiencies in those reviews. Dr. Edwards cites the agency\u2019s support of integrated pest management (with undefined toxic pesticide use) and reduced risk pesticides, without ever questioning the real need for toxic chemicals or advancing defined organic management systems not reliant on toxic pesticides.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n

On children and golf course exposure, Dr. Edwards appears to dodge the agency\u2019s failure to fully address young children\u2019s exposure to chlorpyrifos on golf courses, by ignoring the original 2000 decision that dismissed all children\u2019s exposure and the more recent 2006 analysis that ignores children six and under. Dr. Edwards writes, \u201c[W]e estimated the potential exposure and risks received not only by adults but also by both children aged 7-12 and teenagers in the chlorpyrifos risk assessment. The assessment of the use of chlorpyrifos on golf courses shows that this use met our rigorous safety standard.\u201d However, first, as noted in EPA\u2019s \u201cProvisions of the June 2000 Memorandum of Agreement,\u201d the agency exempted golf courses from the chlorpyrifos phase out with its decision: \u201cOutdoor areas in which children will not be exposed [to chlorpyrifos], including only: golf course turf. . . \u201c Then, in its Memorandum entitled Finalization of Interim Reregistration Eligibility Decision<\/a> (IREDs) and Interim Tolerance Reassessment and Risk Management Decision (TREDs) for the Organophosphate Pesticides over six years later on July 31, 2006 (authored by Dr. Edwards), EPA narrowed its definition of children, deciding it was not necessary to evaluate children six and under. (p.41) Junior golf can certainly begin at age 5, or before, exposing young children to a hazard that EPA assumes does not need to be evaluated. Children are especially vulnerable to chlorpyrifos and chemical exposure and suffer their greatest risk of adverse effect during this period of life.<\/font><\/font><\/p>\n

Some say that the debate with EPA is becoming increasingly irrelevant as the market moves ahead to address key issues of environmental health. This has happened in the food and agriculture sector where organic food has grown to a $20 billion industry. The majority of non-golfers (66%), according to a 2007 Golf Digest<\/em> survey, understands that pesticides used on golf courses can be a health hazard. The number of golfers who understand this (40%) has doubled since Golf Digest<\/em> conducted a similar survey in 1994. A majority, or 64%, of golfers is willing to \u201cplay golf under less manicured conditions to minimize the use of pesticides on the course.\u201d An even greater majority, 85%, is willing to \u201csacrifice some level of golf course landscape \u201cperfection\u201d to save water\/prevent groundwater pollution.\u201d<\/font><\/font> <\/font><\/font>The growing number of concerned golfers and the communities surrounding golf courses are having increasing influence over golf course practices. Jeff Carlson, golf course superintendent at the Vineyard Golf Club on Martha\u2019s Vineyard, MA, interviewed in the article, manages an organic course with a focus on cultural practices and describes a number of approaches that he uses to manage insects, weeds and fungus, as well as the importance of support from the club. Mr. Carlson says that it is important that he is \u201c. . .working with our members and explaining this idea of great playability versus visual perfection. We take the focus away from having every piece of fairway and rough perfectly green. The members have to be on board, or the superintendent wouldn\u2019t last too long.\u201d With a background in using chemical-intensive practices, Mr. Carlson says, \u201cI am just so surprised that so much of our golf course is unaffected by not using pesticides. To see a course without any at all is something I\u2019m really proud of.”<\/font><\/font> <\/font><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, April 17, 2008) In what it calls the most important article it has ever published, Golf Digest in its May 2008 issue (pp 196-232) publishes an article, How Green is Golf?, which asks the hard questions about the environmental impact of golf in a series of in-depth interviews, including a builder, golf course superintendent, regulator and environmentalist. The article spans a range of opinions on water usage, pesticide contamination, and management practices, with general agreement that golfer expectations and management practices must move and are moving in an environmental direction, citing important ways in which attitudes and understanding must change. Despite the documented problems with pesticides, the head of EPA\u2019s pesticide program, in what is described as a \u201crebuttal\u201d to criticism of pesticides and the pesticide registration process that are highlighted, responds without addressing key specifics identified in the article and preferring to extol the virtues of the EPA\u2019s pesticide program. The article says in its introduction, \u201cAs water becomes scarcer, as organic management practices increase, as environmentalism and environmental legislation start to bite more than they have, as the economy struggles, and as we come to appreciate the aesthetics of golf courses in all their many natural, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-golf"],"yoast_head":"\nExperts Discuss the Greening of Golf Courses - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2008\/04\/experts-discuss-the-greening-of-golf-courses\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Experts Discuss the Greening of Golf Courses - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, April 17, 2008) In what it calls the most important article it has ever published, Golf Digest in its May 2008 issue (pp 196-232) publishes an article, How Green is Golf?, which asks the hard questions about the environmental impact of golf in a series of in-depth interviews, including a builder, golf course superintendent, regulator and environmentalist. 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The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides) as a nonprofit membership organization in 1981, felt that without the existence of such an organized, national network, local, state and national pesticide policy would become, under chemical industry pressure, increasingly unresponsive to public health and environmental concerns. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions that affect them directly. We believe decisions should not be made for us by chemical companies or by decision-makers who either do not have all of the facts or refuse to consider them. Learn more about our work, read A Year in Review\u20142021, our accomplishments are your victories! Beyond Pesticides seeks to protect healthy air, water, land, and food for ourselves and future generations. By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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