{"id":33067,"date":"2023-06-16T00:01:58","date_gmt":"2023-06-16T04:01:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=33067"},"modified":"2023-06-19T20:16:35","modified_gmt":"2023-06-20T00:16:35","slug":"this-juneteenth-we-highlight-the-ongoing-fight-for-environmental-justice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2023\/06\/this-juneteenth-we-highlight-the-ongoing-fight-for-environmental-justice\/","title":{"rendered":"This Juneteenth, We Highlight the Ongoing Fight for Environmental Justice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">(<em>Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, June 16, 2023) Juneteenth is a celebration of freedom for the last 250,000 enslaved people in Galveston, Texas, but it is also a reminder that justice has not historically been \u201cswift\u201d or complete for Black Americans. The holiday commemorates the abolition of slavery in Texas on June 19, 1865, two and a half years after the Emancipation Proclamation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">According to a <a href=\"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/393755\/public-understanding-juneteenth-grown-2021.aspx\">2022 Gallup Poll<\/a>, 40 percent of Americans know &#8220;a little bit&#8221; or &#8220;nothing at all&#8221; about Juneteenth. While this is a significant improvement in comparison to the <a href=\"https:\/\/news.gallup.com\/poll\/393755\/public-understanding-juneteenth-grown-2021.aspx\">60 percent<\/a> for the aforementioned metric in the previous year (when the holiday was federally recognized), greater public awareness is needed. This holiday is a time for individuals and organizations to acknowledge and reflect on their past and current actions or inactions that perpetuate systemic racism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">As known from the history books, the Emancipation Proclamation was signed on January 1, 1863, and the civil war ended on April 9, 1865. Juneteenth is a lesser-known anniversary commemorating the emancipation of enslaved people who received news of their freedom two and a half years after Abraham Lincoln\u2019s freedom proclamation. While the technologies in the 19th century had a much slower travel time, there were concerted efforts to withhold and delay the communication that \u201call slaves are free.\u201d The <a href=\"https:\/\/sgp.fas.org\/crs\/misc\/R44865.pdf\">Congressional Research Service acknowledged <\/a>the efforts to delay and keep enslaved plantation laborers for \u201cone last cotton harvest.\u201d \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">There are parallels between the delay of freedom in 1865 and the delay in recognition of the holiday today. While news spreads quicker now, this nation continues to confront the same forces against justice. Juneteenth, for many Americans, is a holiday of gratitude and grief. Beyond Pesticides commemorates the anniversary of the second emancipation by highlighting the current need for environmental justice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong>Environmental Justice<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">The father of environmental justice, Robert Bullard, Ph.D., defines environmental racism as any policy or practice that unequally affects or disadvantages individuals, groups, or communities based on their race. Dr. Bullard states that, until the 1980s, environmental conservation and pollution were separate. Many environmental organizations prioritized the preservation of \u201cwilderness\u201d rather than urban areas, predominantly comprised of people of color (POC), who continuously experience the disproportionate impacts of pollution and the effects of environmental racism. \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">During the Jim Crow Era\u2014following slavery\u2014segregation propagated disparities between black and white communities, causing justice-related priorities to vary between demographic divides. Both the civil rights and environmental justice movements spread nationwide during the 60s and 70s. However, the two movements rarely coincided, and the implications are felt today. This division amplified the perception among civil rights advocates that environmentalism catered to white organizations and populations while ignoring POC and their struggles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">However, this does not mean environmentalism was completely void of addressing racial inequalities. Many early environmental justice leaders came out of the civil rights movement, bringing the same tactics they had used in civil rights struggles\u2014marches, petitions, rallies, coalition building, community empowerment through education, litigation, and nonviolent direct action.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">The 1960s saw some of the first localized protests of environmental inequalities such as:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Latinx farm workers, led by Cesar Chavez, fought for workplace rights and against harmful pesticides in the farm fields of California&#8217;s San Joaquin Valley.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">African American students took to the streets of Houston, TX, to oppose a city garbage dump in their community that had claimed the life of a child.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Residents of West Harlem, New York City, fought unsuccessfully against a sewage treatment plant in their community.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Despite the localized attempts to mitigate environmental racism, it was not until 1982 that the gap between the environmental and civil rights movement started to narrow:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong>This is the story of Warren County, NC, an impoverished, rural county that became the epicenter of the growing environmental justice movement\u2014drawing nationwide attention to racial disparities.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">In 1978, employees of Ward PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) Transformer Company deliberately dripped 31,000 gallons of PCB-contaminated oil along approximately 240 miles of soil lining highway shoulders in North Carolina throughout 14 counties. By 1982, North Carolina had announced a plan to move soil contaminated with PCBs from alongside 210 miles of the state&#8217;s roadsides to a newly developed landfill located in Warren County\u2014one of the only counties in the state with a majority African American population. PCBs are toxic chemicals that have links to birth defects, liver diseases, skin disorders, and cancers. The decision triggered a wave of protests, one of which resulted in the arrest of a U.S. congressman and dozens of activists who tried to block the PCB-laden trucks at the landfill&#8217;s entrance. Unfortunately, the pressure against PCB soil dumping did not deter the decision and 60,000 tons of contaminated soil was dumped in the landfill and buried 7 feet, only 3 feet above many groundwater tables.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Because of the outrage over Warren County, the U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) evaluated the correlation between landfill locations with the racial demographics of surrounding communities. The report concluded that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gao.gov\/products\/rced-83-168\">three of every four landfills<\/a> in the Southeast U.S. were in or near communities with majority non-white populations\u2013with more than a quarter living below the poverty line. Although officials eventually removed the PCB-laden soil from Warren County, 25 years later, race remains the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.abf4491\">predominant indicator of proximity to pollution<\/a> in the United States (more than socioeconomic factors).<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><\/a> Today, numerous reports and public awareness of environmental racism continue to build on the movement that originated in Warren County, North Carolina.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Beyond Pesticides is working in coalitions to disrupt the disproportionate burden of pesticide use in communities of color. The Black Institute, a member of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/media\/on-earth-day,-coalition-calls-on-nyc-parks-department-to-set-up-demonstration-sites\">Eco-Friendly Parks for All<\/a>, published a <a href=\"https:\/\/theblackinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/TBI_Poison_Parks_Report._010820_FINAL.pdf\">groundbreaking report<\/a> on disparate pesticide application in public parks near Black and Brown communities. This injustice in parks, as well as disproportionate occupational risk to farmers and landscapers, is particularly concerning when it leads to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/overview\">pesticide-induced diseases<\/a> (e.g., respiratory illness, neurological disorders, endocrine disruption, cancers, etc.). \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Examples of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/journal\/IV%20Disproportinate%20Pesticide%20Harm%20Is%20Racial%20Injustice2.pdf\">disproportionate risks<\/a> include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">African American women are <a href=\"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/cncr.29935\">40 percen<\/a>t more likely to <a href=\"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/cncr.29935\">die from breast cancer<\/a> than women of any other racial group. Even more concerning, incidences of triple-negative breast cancer\u2014an aggressive breast cancer subtype lacking remediation\u2014is approximately three-fold higher in non-Hispanic Black women compared to non-Hispanic White women. Although past studies suggest genetics produce these demographic differences in breast cancer outcomes, scientists now believe genetic factors only play a minor role compared to external factors (i.e., chemical exposure).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">The death of a young boy with leukemia highlighted yet another <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/12\/houston-residents-sue-city-railroad-for-poisoning-and-contamination-caused-by-creosote-wood-preservative\/\">instance of environmental injustice<\/a>. The incidents of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the boy\u2019s community were nearly five times higher than the national average. Thousands of Black residents are suing Union Pacific Railroad Company for contaminating their properties with highly hazardous <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/wood-preservatives\">creosote<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/wood-preservatives\">wood preservatives<\/a>, with <a href=\"https:\/\/inchem.org\/documents\/iarc\/suppl7\/creosotes.html\">known carcinogenic properties<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">More than five decades prior to chlorpyrifos revocation (removal of chemical for all uses), <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2021\/07\/lawsuits-for-harmed-children-filed-against-manufacturer-of-brain-damaging-insecticide-chlorpyrifos\/\">the toxic organophosphate insecticide disproportionately harmed<\/a> low-income African American and Latinx farmworkers (and their families) who harvested much of the domestic\u2014and contaminated\u2014crops of grapes, citrus, and sugar beets, among others. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-gateway?pesticideid=17\">Risks of exposure to chlorpyrifos<\/a> impact neurological, reproductive, and endocrine systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">The Black Institute aggregated information from numerous public records and reported on the disproportionate risk to communities of color regarding the distribution and concentration of toxic pesticides. The <a href=\"https:\/\/theblackinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/TBI_Poison_Parks_Report._010820_FINAL.pdf\">Poison Parks Report<\/a> found dangerous concentrations of pesticides in Idlewild Park. Surrounding communities, 90 percent of which were African American, had concentrations of glyphosate at 50 percent in 2018 (compared to \u201cnormal concentrations\u201d at 0.5 &#8211; 3%). No concentration of glyphosate has been demonstrated to be safe for human health and the World Health Organization\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iarc.who.int\/featured-news\/media-centre-iarc-news-glyphosate\/#:~:text=Taking%20all%20of%20this%20evidence,humans%E2%80%9D%20(Group%202A).\">International Agency for Research on Cancer<\/a> identifies glyphosate as a probable carcinogen.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Although there are regulatory systems in place to evaluate and monitor pesticide use and exposure limits (i.e., the Federal, Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act [FIFRA] and The Food Quality Protection Act [FQPA]), pesticide-related illnesses continue to disproportionately harm communities of color. Regulations ignore people with increased vulnerabilities due to preexisting health conditions\u2014most often associated with racial and socioeconomic factors. For example, federal pesticide law does not consider the cumulative effect of high-exposure and high-risk occupations.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Science, technology, and a shift to organic can aid in the reduction of surface-level food system issues; leaders must incorporate social justice across the agricultural industry for permanent systemic transformation. Partnering with activists in communities of color to address agrochemicals&#8217; impacts can be a start to alleviating inequalities. However, changes in policy are required in the food system so that the burdens placed on POC communities are no longer overlooked. Beyond Pesticides will continue to monitor progress on inequities related to pesticides, agriculture, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/agricultural-justice\">farmworker well-being<\/a>, and public health. For current reporting on matters related to environmental justice, see Beyond Pesticides\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/category\/environmental-justice\/\">Daily News Blog<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">A section of Beyond Pesticides\u2019 latest issue of <em>Pesticides and You<\/em>, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/journal\/bp-retrospective21-final6.pdf\">Retrospective 2021: A Call to Urgent Action<\/a>,\u201d is devoted to the inequities of pesticide use. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/journal\/IV%20Disproportinate%20Pesticide%20Harm%20Is%20Racial%20Injustice2.pdf\">Section IV, \u201cDisproportionate Pesticide Harm Is Racial Injustice: Documenting Victimization: Structural Racism,\u201d<\/a> reprises Beyond Pesticides\u2019 2021 coverage of environmental injustices. The publication also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/journal\/IV%20Disproportinate%20Pesticide%20Harm%20Is%20Racial%20Injustice2.pdf\">calls for urgent action<\/a> re: federal and state \u201cevaluations that go into toxic chemical regulation . . . to reform and replace the current regulatory decision-making process, which is empirically racist, with one that acknowledges and cares for those with the highest real-world vulnerabilities and exposure[s].\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">One important way to reduce human and environmental contamination from pesticides is to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/organic-agriculture\/buying-organic-products\">buy<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/organicfood\/gardening\/index.php?pid=377\">grow<\/a>, and <a href=\"http:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/organic-agriculture\/keeping-organic-strong\">support organic<\/a>. Beyond Pesticides advocates a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/infoservices\/pesticidesandyou\/documents\/PrecautionCited.pdf\">precautionary approach<\/a> to integrated pest management, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/lawns-and-landscapes\/overview\">land management<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/organic-agriculture\/overview\">agriculture<\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2019\/01\/time-for-a-green-new-deal-to-accelerate-the-organic-transition\/\">transitioning to organic<\/a>. Furthermore, given the <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/managesafe\/choose-a-pest\">wide<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/managesafe\/choose-a-pest\">availability of non-pesticidal alternative strategies, <\/a>families, chemical occupational workers, and the agricultural sector can apply these methods to promote a safe and healthy environment. For more information on the benefits of organic for both consumers and farmworkers, see Beyond Pesticides&#8217; webpage, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/organicfood\/health\/index.php\">Health Benefits of Organic Agriculture<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><em>All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Beyond Pesticides, June 16, 2023) Juneteenth is a celebration of freedom for the last 250,000 enslaved people in Galveston, Texas, but it is also a reminder that justice has not historically been \u201cswift\u201d or complete for Black Americans. The holiday commemorates the abolition of slavery in Texas on June 19, 1865, two and a half years after the Emancipation Proclamation.\u00a0 According to a 2022 Gallup Poll, 40 percent of Americans know &#8220;a little bit&#8221; or &#8220;nothing at all&#8221; about Juneteenth. While this is a significant improvement in comparison to the 60 percent for the aforementioned metric in the previous year (when the holiday was federally recognized), greater public awareness is needed. This holiday is a time for individuals and organizations to acknowledge and reflect on their past and current actions or inactions that perpetuate systemic racism. As known from the history books, the Emancipation Proclamation was signed on January 1, 1863, and the civil war ended on April 9, 1865. Juneteenth is a lesser-known anniversary commemorating the emancipation of enslaved people who received news of their freedom two and a half years after Abraham Lincoln\u2019s freedom proclamation. While the technologies in the 19th century had a much slower travel time, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":33072,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[249,2,21,60,215,652,413,1,477],"tags":[706,707,600],"class_list":["post-33067","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture","category-alternativesorganics","category-chemicals","category-environmental-justice","category-farmworkers","category-parks","category-regenerative","category-uncategorized","category-world-health-organization","tag-environmental-justice","tag-juneteenth","tag-pesticides"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>This Juneteenth, We Highlight the Ongoing Fight for Environmental Justice - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Juneteenth is a celebration of freedom for the last 250,000 enslaved people in Galveston, Texas, but it is also a reminder that justice has not historically been \u201cswift\u201d or complete for Black Americans. The holiday commemorates the abolition of slavery in Texas on June 19, 1865, two and a half years after the Emancipation Proclamation. Juneteenth, for many Americans, is a holiday of gratitude and grief. Beyond Pesticides commemorates the anniversary of the second emancipation by highlighting the current need for environmental justice.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2023\/06\/this-juneteenth-we-highlight-the-ongoing-fight-for-environmental-justice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"This Juneteenth, We Highlight the Ongoing Fight for Environmental Justice - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Juneteenth is a celebration of freedom for the last 250,000 enslaved people in Galveston, Texas, but it is also a reminder that justice has not historically been \u201cswift\u201d or complete for Black Americans. The holiday commemorates the abolition of slavery in Texas on June 19, 1865, two and a half years after the Emancipation Proclamation. Juneteenth, for many Americans, is a holiday of gratitude and grief. 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