{"id":33341,"date":"2023-08-16T00:01:48","date_gmt":"2023-08-16T04:01:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=33341"},"modified":"2023-08-09T16:32:07","modified_gmt":"2023-08-09T20:32:07","slug":"pesticide-exposure-with-disproportionate-effects-increases-risk-of-asthma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2023\/08\/pesticide-exposure-with-disproportionate-effects-increases-risk-of-asthma\/","title":{"rendered":"Pesticide Exposure with Disproportionate Effects Increases Risk of Asthma"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, <\/em>August 16, 2023) A study published in\u00a0Environmental Science and Pollution Research<\/em><\/a>\u00a0further supports the indication that exposure to organophosphate insecticides (OPs) increases the risk of asthma among the U.S. general population. According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America<\/a>, \u201cThe burden of asthma in the United States falls disproportionately on people with low-income, senior adults, and Black, Hispanic and American Indian\/Alaska Native people,\u201d making these groups more susceptible to developing this chronic lung disease upon OP exposure.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Organophosphorus pesticides have a wide range of biological uses\u2014from insecticides to flame retardants\u2014that make these chemicals ubiquitous, significantly contributing to ecosystem contamination. Furthermore, while organophosphates have less bioaccumulation potential, residues are\u00a0consistently present<\/a>\u00a0in human and animal blood, urine, tissues, and milk. Although research demonstrates that OPs are\u00a0highly toxic<\/a>, there remains an inadequate understanding of how OP exposure impacts body systems like the repository system.<\/p>\n

The respiratory system is essential to human survival, regulating gas exchange (oxygen-carbon dioxide) in the body to balance acid and base tissue cells for normal function. However, damage to the respiratory system can cause several issues\u2014from asthma and bronchitis to oxidative stress that triggers the development of\u00a0extra-respiratory manifestations<\/a>\u00a0like\u00a0rheumatoid arthritis<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0cardiovascular disease<\/a>. Therefore, the rise in respiratory illnesses and organophosphate use over the last\u00a0three decades<\/a>\u00a0is highly concerning, especially as research fails to identify an exact cause for the increase in respiratory disease cases.<\/p>\n

Focusing on non-institutionalized U.S. adults, researchers gathered representative information on health and nutritional well-being from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u2019s (CDC\u2019s) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). In total, 6,009 adults aged from 20 to 85 years old represented the 313.5 million adults in the non-institutionalized U.S. population. The study detected OP exposure using the urinary concentrations of six metabolites of dialkyl phosphates (DAPs), an indicator of OP concentration in the body. A survey-multivariable logistic regression (SMLR), a generalized weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) evaluated the link between OPs and asthma.<\/p>\n

The study finds that of the 6,009 participants, 842 participants have asthma. Upon examining urine samples of the 842 patients, four out of the six DAPs were present\u2014dimethyl phosphate (DMP), diethyl phosphate (DEP), dimethyl thiophosphate (DMTP), and dimethyl dithiophosphate (DMDTP)\u2014demonstrating a positive association with asthma in adults. The strongest associations between asthma and OPs occur more strongly among females, non-Hispanic White populations, and individuals lacking physical activity. Thus, OP exposure can elevate asthma risk in the general population.<\/p>\n

Working in close contact with pesticides<\/a>\u00a0throughout one\u2019s lifetime increases the risk of asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and other respiratory issues. Thus, the connection between pesticides and associated respiratory risks is nothing new, as\u00a0many studies<\/a>\u00a0link pesticide use and residue to various respiratory illnesses.\u00a0Studies find<\/a>\u00a0pesticide exposure can trigger asthma attacks and also causes asthma, as exposure to insecticides before the age of five can increase the risk of asthma diagnosis, with toddlers twice as likely to become asthmatic. Furthermore, Significant disparities in asthma morbidity and mortality disproportionately impact low-income populations, people of color, and children living in inner cities.<\/p>\n

Chronic inhalation of\u00a0agriculture-related dust<\/a> (e.g., particulates from grains, feed, soils, and biological aerosols from plant and animal matter that may harbor synthetic pesticide and fertilizer residues) can increase airway inflammatory diseases, including asthma, chronic bronchitis, and COPD. The particulates in dust play a part in disease development, but so, too, do the various microbiota that may be part of a dusty agricultural environment. A disruption of the homeostasis of the human microbiome (known as dysbiosis) can increase the risk of asthma and other respiratory diseases. In addition,\u00a0pesticide exposures can alter the gut microbiome<\/a>, which mediates a significant portion of the human immune response.<\/p>\n

Many researchers, including those in this study, suggest an increase in environmental pollutants like pesticides may be responsible for the influx of respiratory diseases. Regarding this study, OPs have a significant influence on respiratory pathology. This chemical class has a similar mode of action as cholinesterase inhibitors, which means they bind to receptor sites for the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, or AChE, essential to normal nerve impulse transmission. In binding to these receptor sites, cholinesterase inhibitors inactivate AChE and prevent the clearing of acetylcholine. The\u00a0buildup of acetylcholine can lead to<\/a>\u00a0acute impacts, such as uncontrolled, rapid twitching of some muscles, paralyzed breathing, convulsions, and, in extreme cases, death. The compromise of neural transmission can have broad systemic impacts on the function of multiple body systems, including the respiratory system.<\/p>\n

This study also adds to the growing body of research demonstrating disproportionate risk to certain population groups from chemical exposure. The stronger association between asthma, OPs, and women highlights sex-specific disparities characterized by chemical metabolization (breakdown) and elimination in the body. OPs exhibit endocrine-disrupting properties that may alter estrogen or testosterone activity and receptors, resulting in differences in the clearance rate and toxicity of OPs. For instance,\u00a0a 2018 study<\/a>\u00a0finds female rats manifest airway hyperactivity\u2014a characteristic asthma symptom\u2014at lower OP doses than males. Additionally,\u00a0CDC data<\/a>\u00a0establishes women as having a higher prevalence of asthma incidence compared to men. Low-income populations, people of color, and children living in inner cities also experience disproportionately high morbidity and mortality due to asthma. For instance, African Americans are\u00a0at least three times<\/a>\u00a0more likely than whites to die from asthma. Therefore, any time policies allow regulators to permit the use of pesticides with known asthma effects, a disproportionate impact is felt among these communities.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Despite the difference in methods, the study emphasizes that the data results remain consistent. \u201cThough with different study designs, objectives, and populations, our study found plenty of evidence that is consistent with previous similar studies which explore the complicated associations of OPI metabolites with asthma.\u201d The study concludes, \u201cOur findings suggest that more urinary OPIs exposure may be associated with an increased risk of asthma in the general US adults. Meanwhile, further prospective studies are needed to confirm the causality between OPIs exposure and asthma and explore the potential harm of low-dose but chronic exposure to OPIs in the development of asthma.\u201d<\/p>\n

In the U.S., over 25 million people live with asthma. The increasing rate of respiratory pathology since the 1980s demonstrates a need for better environmental policies and protocols surrounding contaminants like pesticides. Considering respiratory diseases represent a significant health issue for agricultural workers\u2014who often experience pesticide exposure at higher rates due to occupation\u2014it is essential to understand the association between pesticide exposure and respiratory pathology or the study of causes and effects of respiratory diseases. Furthermore, with\u00a0a new report finding<\/a> an association between air pollution and higher death rates (9%) related to SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), global leaders must eliminate excessive pesticide use to mitigate respiratory diseases’ impacts on human health. Policies should enforce stricter pesticide regulations and increase research on the long-term impacts of pesticide exposure. Beyond Pesticides tracks the most recent studies related to pesticide exposure through our Pesticide Induced Diseases Database (PIDD)<\/a>. This database supports the clear need for strategic action to shift away from pesticide dependency. For more information on the multiple harms of pesticides, see PIDD pages on\u00a0asthma\/respiratory effects<\/a>\u00a0and other diseases. Learn more about how inadequate pesticide use regulations, including organophosphates, can adversely affect human and environmental health; see Beyond Pesticides\u2019\u00a0Pesticides and You<\/em>\u00a0article \u201cHighly Destructive Pesticide Effects Unregulated<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

Beyond Pesticides advocates a\u00a0precautionary approach<\/a>\u00a0to pest management in\u00a0land management<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0agriculture<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0transiting to organic<\/a>.\u00a0Buying<\/a>,\u00a0growing<\/a>, and supporting organic can help eliminate the extensive use of pesticides in the environment and from your diet. For more information on how organic is the right choice for consumers and the farmworkers who grow our food, see the Beyond Pesticides webpage,\u00a0Health Benefits of Organic Agriculture<\/a>. Removing pesticides from parks that disproportionately affect people of color in the community and as landscapers<\/a>. Help convert your parks, playing fields, and schoolyards to organic land management through Beyond Pesticides\u2019 Parks for a Sustainable Future<\/a> program.\u00a0<\/p>\n

All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\n

Source:\u00a0Environmental Science and Pollution Research<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, August 16, 2023) A study published in\u00a0Environmental Science and Pollution Research\u00a0further supports the indication that exposure to organophosphate insecticides (OPs) increases the risk of asthma among the U.S. general population. According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, \u201cThe burden of asthma in the United States falls disproportionately on people with low-income, senior adults, and Black, Hispanic and American Indian\/Alaska Native people,\u201d making these groups more susceptible to developing this chronic lung disease upon OP exposure.\u00a0\u00a0 Organophosphorus pesticides have a wide range of biological uses\u2014from insecticides to flame retardants\u2014that make these chemicals ubiquitous, significantly contributing to ecosystem contamination. Furthermore, while organophosphates have less bioaccumulation potential, residues are\u00a0consistently present\u00a0in human and animal blood, urine, tissues, and milk. Although research demonstrates that OPs are\u00a0highly toxic, there remains an inadequate understanding of how OP exposure impacts body systems like the repository system. The respiratory system is essential to human survival, regulating gas exchange (oxygen-carbon dioxide) in the body to balance acid and base tissue cells for normal function. However, damage to the respiratory system can cause several issues\u2014from asthma and bronchitis to oxidative stress that triggers the development of\u00a0extra-respiratory manifestations\u00a0like\u00a0rheumatoid arthritis\u00a0and\u00a0cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the rise in respiratory illnesses and organophosphate […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":31841,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[102,244],"tags":[782,475],"class_list":["post-33341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-asthma","category-organophosphate","tag-asthma","tag-organophosphate"],"yoast_head":"\nPesticide Exposure with Disproportionate Effects Increases Risk of Asthma - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Exposure to organophosphate insecticides (OPs) increases the risk of asthma among the U.S. general population.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2023\/08\/pesticide-exposure-with-disproportionate-effects-increases-risk-of-asthma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pesticide Exposure with Disproportionate Effects Increases Risk of Asthma - 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