{"id":33539,"date":"2023-09-13T00:01:53","date_gmt":"2023-09-13T04:01:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=33539"},"modified":"2023-09-13T11:30:00","modified_gmt":"2023-09-13T15:30:00","slug":"global-warming-threatens-bees-ability-to-withstand-chemical-exposure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2023\/09\/global-warming-threatens-bees-ability-to-withstand-chemical-exposure\/","title":{"rendered":"Pollinator Health: The Climate Crisis Weakens Bees\u2019 Ability to Withstand Pesticide Exposure"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, <\/em>September 13, 2023) A study published in Global Change Biology<\/em><\/a> finds climate change increases bees\u2019 sensitivity to pesticide exposure,\u00a0impairing the pollinators\u2019 ability to respond to light (Ultra-Violet [UV] stimuli), reducing floral syrup consumption, and lessening longevity (length of life) up to 70 percent. Notably, the reduction in floral syrup consumption indicates nutritional stress that further impacts bee species’ fecundity (productiveness), driving bee declines. Unless more is done to combat the climate crisis, the current global warming scenario increasing bees\u2019 sensitivity to pesticide exposure will continue to threaten all pollinator health.<\/p>\n

The pervasiveness of pesticide exposure, combined with climate change, threatens global species biodiversity<\/a>. As has been widely reported,\u00a0pollinators<\/a>\u00a0(such as bees, monarch butterflies, and bats) are a bellwether for environmental stress as individuals and as colonies. Pesticides intensify pollinators\u2019 vulnerability to health risks (such as pathogens and parasites), with pesticide-contaminated conditions limiting\u00a0colony productivity, growth, and survival<\/a>. The globe is currently going through the\u00a0Holocene Extinction<\/a>, Earth\u2019s 6th mass extinction, with one million species of plants and animals at risk, including pollinators. Pollinator declines directly affect the environment, society, and the economy. Without pollinators, many agricultural and nonagricultural plant species will decline or cease to exist as U.S. pollinator declines, particularly among native wild bees,\u00a0depress crop yields.<\/a>\u00a0In turn, the economy will take a hit since much of the economy (65%) depends upon the strength of the agricultural sector. As the\u00a0science shows<\/a>, pesticides are one of the most significant stressors for pollinators. Additionally, the\u00a0devastating impacts of pesticides<\/a>\u00a0on bees and other pollinators and the larger context of what scientists have called the \u201cinsect apocalypse<\/a>.\u201d In a world where the climate crisis shows no sign of abating, scientists have concluded that the globe cannot afford to continue to subject its critically important wild insects to these combined threats. Therefore, studies like this emphasize the need to consider how many stressors impact the survivability of essential species.<\/p>\n

The study notes, \u201cOur findings indicate that ongoing global warming may exacerbate the impact of pesticides on bee health and compromise bee reproductive success, with potentially important consequences on population dynamics. The magnitude of these impacts will depend on our ability to reduce the dependence of agriculture on pesticides and on the extent to which bee populations can adjust to the new climate scenario through adaptation and\/or phenotypic plasticity.\u201d<\/p>\n

The study analyzes the synergistic (combined) effects of global warming and sublethal insecticide exposure in the solitary bee\u00a0(European orchard bee\/horned mason bee) Osmia cornuta<\/em>. Using a simulated wintering treatment, the researchers exposed O. cornuta<\/em>\u00a0females to three different temperature scenario models: current scenario (2007\u20132012 temperatures), near-future (2021\u20132050 projected temperatures), and distant future (2051\u20132080). During the spring, the bees emerged, and researchers examined the pollinator\u2019s sensitivity to a formulation of sulfoxaflor insecticide at two sublethal doses. Lastly, the researchers measured the combined impact of the various temperature scenarios and sublethal insecticide exposure on the phototactic response (response to light stimuli), feeding behavior, and longevity. The results find the temperature treatment has a profound effect on body weight, as increasing temperatures led to decreasing body weight in bees. This is concerning as body fat plays a crucial role in chemical detoxification. Although the temperature has little impact on phototactic response or feeding behavior, bees exposed to the warmest temperature scenario have shorter lifespans. Insecticide exposure negatively affects the phototactic response, feed behavior, and lifespan of bees, especially at higher doses. The combination of the warmest temperature and high insecticide exposure decreased longevity in bees by 70 percent. Thus, warming temperatures and insecticide exposure represent two significant drivers of bee decline that have important implications for the future of ecosystem services.<\/p>\n

The scientific literature demonstrates pesticides\u2019 long history of adverse environmental effects, primarily on\u00a0wildlife<\/a>,\u00a0biodiversity<\/a>, and\u00a0human health<\/a>. Most notably, pesticides are immensely harmful to pollinators. Over the last\u00a0decade and a half<\/a>, increasing scientific evidence shows a clear connection between the role of pesticides in the decline of honey bees and wild pollinators (e.g., wild bees, butterflies, beetles, birds, bats, etc.). For instance, monarchs are near extinction<\/a>, and\u00a0commercial beekeepers continue to experience declines<\/a>\u00a0that are putting them out of business. The\u00a0continued loss of mayflies<\/a>\u00a0and fireflies<\/a>\u00a0disrupts the foundation of many food chains. Additionally, the reduction in many bird species has links to insect declines. Pollinators\u2019 decline directly affects the environment, society, and the economy. The\u00a0United Nations<\/a>\u00a0states that\u00a080 percent of the 115<\/a>\u00a0top global food crops depend on insect pollination, with\u00a0one-third<\/a>\u00a0of all U.S. crops depending on pollinators, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Globally, the production of crops dependent on pollinators is worth between\u00a0$253 and $577 billion<\/a>\u00a0yearly. Hence, pesticide use fails to support the current ecosystem, decreasing agricultural and economic productivity and social (human\/animal) and environmental well-being.<\/p>\n

This study adds to the growing body of research<\/a> supporting the adverse effects climate change and pesticide exposure have on pollinators, as these stressors already affect bee population dynamics. Warming temperatures alter the body composition of bees, reducing body fats. Bees are ectotherms and thus highly dependent on environmental temperatures for adequate growth, development, and reproduction, making these essential pollinators particularly vulnerable to global warming. Nevertheless, climate change and extensive use of pesticides<\/a>, like\u00a0neonicotinoids<\/a>,\u00a0sulfoxaflor<\/a>,\u00a0pyrethroids<\/a>,\u00a0fipronil<\/a>, and\u00a0organophosphates<\/a>, increase the potential risk and indiscriminate threat to all insects. Research shows that residues from neonicotinoids (including seed treatments) and sulfoxaflor accumulate and translocate to pollen and nectar of treated plants. Pyrethroids and fipronil impair bee learning, development, and behavioral function, reducing survivability and colony fitness. However, inert ingredients in these products cause\u00a0similar or more severe impacts<\/a>\u00a0on insect populations, such as disruption in bee learning behavior through exposure to low doses of surfactants. With the global reliance on pollinator-dependent crops increasing over the\u00a0past decades<\/a>, a lack of pollinators threatens food security and stability for current and future generations. It is increasingly clear that humanity\u2019s continued use of fossil fuels and fossil fuel-derived pesticides are the core drivers of pollinator declines. These are not siloed but interacting crises, creating a positive feedback loop and compounding one another\u2019s harmful effects. Despite these stressors, alternatives are within reach.<\/p>\n

Pollinator protection policies need improvements to safeguard not only all pollinators but also the crops they pollinate. Beyond Pesticides holds that we must move beyond pesticide reduction to organic transition and commit to toxic pesticide elimination in our agricultural system to prevent the crop loss presented in this study. Pesticide elimination can alleviate the effect of these toxic chemicals on humans and wildlife. With EPA failing to take the most basic steps to protect declining pollinators, it is up to concerned residents to engage in state and community action and demand change. Moreover, the government should pass policies that eliminate a broad range of pesticides by promoting organic land management. Habitat in and of itself may assist, but it must be free of pesticides to protect wild pollinator populations. To protect wild bees and other pollinators, check out\u00a0what you can do<\/a>\u00a0by using\u00a0pollinator-friendly landscapes<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0pollinator-friendly seeds<\/a>, engaging in organic gardening and landscaping, and supporting\u00a0organic agriculture<\/a>\u00a0through purchasing decisions. Learn more about the\u00a0science<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0resources<\/a>\u00a0behind the adverse effects of pesticides on pollinators and\u00a0take action against<\/a>\u00a0the use of pesticides.\u00a0Buying<\/a>,\u00a0growing<\/a>, and supporting organic will help eliminate the extensive use of pesticides in the environment. Organic land management and\u00a0regenerative organic agriculture<\/a>\u00a0eliminate the need for toxic agricultural pesticides. For more information on the organic choice, see the Beyond Pesticides webpages,\u00a0Health Benefits of Organic Agriculture<\/a>,\u00a0Lawns and Landscapes<\/a>, and\u00a0Parks for a Sustainable Future<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Learn more by registering for the virtual 40th<\/sup>\u00a0National Forum Series,\u00a0<\/strong>Forging a Future with Nature: The Existential Challenge to end petrochemical pesticide and fertilizer use<\/strong><\/a>, starting on September 14, 2023. Go to\u00a0the <\/strong>Forum website<\/strong><\/a>. <\/strong>Meet David Goulson, PhD<\/a>\u2014preeminent authority on bees, pollinators, and ecosystems; author of Silent Earth<\/em>, researcher, and professor at the University of Sussex\u2014at the Forum! And, learn from Andr\u00e9 Leu, PhD<\/a>, director of Regeneration International, organic farmer, and author, about organic regenerative land management practices to protect community health, the environment, and the planet.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\n

Source:\u00a0Global Change Biology<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, September 13, 2023) A study published in Global Change Biology finds climate change increases bees\u2019 sensitivity to pesticide exposure,\u00a0impairing the pollinators\u2019 ability to respond to light (Ultra-Violet [UV] stimuli), reducing floral syrup consumption, and lessening longevity (length of life) up to 70 percent. Notably, the reduction in floral syrup consumption indicates nutritional stress that further impacts bee species’ fecundity (productiveness), driving bee declines. Unless more is done to combat the climate crisis, the current global warming scenario increasing bees\u2019 sensitivity to pesticide exposure will continue to threaten all pollinator health. The pervasiveness of pesticide exposure, combined with climate change, threatens global species biodiversity. As has been widely reported,\u00a0pollinators\u00a0(such as bees, monarch butterflies, and bats) are a bellwether for environmental stress as individuals and as colonies. Pesticides intensify pollinators\u2019 vulnerability to health risks (such as pathogens and parasites), with pesticide-contaminated conditions limiting\u00a0colony productivity, growth, and survival. The globe is currently going through the\u00a0Holocene Extinction, Earth\u2019s 6th mass extinction, with one million species of plants and animals at risk, including pollinators. Pollinator declines directly affect the environment, society, and the economy. Without pollinators, many agricultural and nonagricultural plant species will decline or cease to exist as U.S. pollinator declines, particularly […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":33545,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,352,347,93],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-alternativesorganics","category-biodiversity","category-increased-vulnerability-to-diseases-from-chemical-exposure","category-pollinators"],"yoast_head":"\nGlobal Warming Heightens Pesticide Exposure's Threat to Pollinators<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Global warming weakens bees' ability to withstand pesticide exposure, as combined exposure to these stressors leads to pollinator declines.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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