{"id":34184,"date":"2023-12-20T01:45:45","date_gmt":"2023-12-20T06:45:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=34184"},"modified":"2023-12-20T14:39:22","modified_gmt":"2023-12-20T19:39:22","slug":"court-finds-epa-allowance-of-antibiotic-streptomycin-use-on-citrus-illegal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2023\/12\/court-finds-epa-allowance-of-antibiotic-streptomycin-use-on-citrus-illegal\/","title":{"rendered":"Court Finds EPA Allowance of Antibiotic Streptomycin Use on Citrus Illegal"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

(Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, December 20, 2023) A federal district court decision last week (December 13) found illegal<\/a> the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s (EPA) decision to register the antibiotic streptomycin for use in Florida citrus to control Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as \u201ccitrus greening,\u201d a plant disease spread by the Asian citrus psyllid. This decision comes just as EPA may allow yet another controversial pesticide<\/a>, aldicarb, whose registration faces similar issues of agency malfeasance. The streptomycin lawsuit, filed in 2021 by a coalition of farmworker and public interest groups including Beyond Pesticides, raises critical issues of antibiotic resistance, public health protection, and impacts on bees.<\/p>\r\n

The case was filed by: Natural Resources Defense Council and U.S. PIRG, represented by NRDC; Beyond Pesticides, Environmental Confederation of Southwest Florida (ECOSWF), Farmworker Association of Florida, Farmworker Justice, and Migrant Clinicians Network, represented by Earthjustice; and the Center for Biological Diversity, represented by in-house counsel.<\/p>\r\n

The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals took EPA to task for its failure to conduct required analyses and issue findings to support the use of streptomycin for citrus greening. The court is particularly concerned about the agency\u2019s failure to reach findings on the impacts on bees and the agency\u2019s responsibility for evaluation under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The ruling states, as a part of the agency\u2019s analysis under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), \u201cEPA was thus required to analyze whether the amended registration of streptomycin would have an unreasonable adverse effect on pollinators. Based on our review of the record, we conclude that the EPA\u2019s evaluation of streptomycin\u2019s effects on bees does not pass muster.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

The court continues, \u201c[EPA] admits it did not comply with the ESA<\/a>. Indeed, the EPA acknowledged that in the thousands of pesticide registrations it has approved in the past decades under FIFRA, it has met its ESA obligations for less than 5% of those actions. The EPA attributes this \u201cmultifold\u201d failure to the high volume of pesticide applications, \u201cthe unusual complexity\u201d of ESA pesticide reviews, and the proliferation of lawsuits challenging pesticide products. ,. . Even under the new workplan, the EPA does not anticipate being able to complete the effects determination for streptomycin any sooner than fall 2026.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

\u201cIn stopping the use of streptomycin on citrus, this court decision holds EPA accountable at the same time that it exposes weaknesses in federal pesticide law and judicial rulings that accept EPA\u2019s limited scientific analysis and unrealistic and unprotective mitigation measures,\u201d said Jay Feldman, executive director of Beyond Pesticides. When the case was filed, Mr. Feldman said, \u201cIt is past time to take urgent action to transition away from practices in agriculture that are dependent on antibiotics, advance organic farm management, and avoid new deadly pandemics [associated with antibiotic resistance].\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Streptomycin has been banned for agricultural use on crops in many countries, but in the U.S. its use and the use of oxytetracycline in fruit and vegetable production has been permitted. Under the Trump administration, EPA\u00a0permitted an emergency use authorization in 2017<\/a> to expand use of these antibiotics to Florida citrus crops to control citrus greening. That emergency authorization was to have run out in 2019, but, in January of that year, EPA moved to make the authorization permanent<\/a>. The decision greenlighted the use of\u00a0more than 650,000 pounds<\/a>\u00a0of streptomycin on citrus crops in Florida and California alone, and followed an\u00a0approval<\/a>\u00a0two years prior of oxytetracycline for use on the same citrus crops.<\/p>\r\n

The court also found that EPA failed to show that streptomycin would achieve benefits as a tool for preventing the target disease. The court found, \u201c[W]e have now concluded that the EPA did not fully comply with FIFRA because it (1) failed to include additional data in its pollinator risk assessment or explain why such data was not necessary and (2) suggested that streptomycin could be used to prevent disease without providing evidentiary support for such a claim.<\/p>\r\n

The court was not convinced that EPA failed to protect against the spread of antibiotic resistance and assumed that the restrictions that EPA required for personal protective equipment (PPE) and drift control would adequately mitigate risks, despite a history of noncompliance and uncontrollable movement of pesticides off the target site. The court said, \u201cThe EPA acknowledged that it did not account for noncompliance with PPE requirements in its risk assessment.\u201d However, rather than focus on known limitations in enforcement and compliance with mitigation measures across the agricultural industry, the ruling states, \u201c[T]here is no evidence that it is \u201cdifficult or impossible to comply with\u201d the labels\u2019 PPE requirements, which include such standard measures as wearing gloves, coveralls, and respirators. Petitioners cite surveys indicating that non-compliance with PPE requirements is common. But these surveys are not specific to the PPE requirements for streptomycin or citrus growers, nor do they involve use labels akin to the one here. Petitioners have not demonstrated material flaws in the EPA\u2019s determination that mandatory PPE use will reduce direct contact between streptomycin and human bacteria.\u201d The court accepts EPA\u2019s conclusion that there would be no drift of the chemical, given restrictions on spray nozzles. The court notes, \u201cThe EPA\u2019s registration label also requires applicators to spray the streptomycin pesticide directly into the orchard canopy and to \u201cturn off outward pointing nozzles at row ends\u201d \u201cto help reduce off-target drift.\u201d\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Despite the scientific literature on horizontal gene transfer<\/a> (movement of genes in bacteria from one bacterial species to another) through agricultural use of pesticides, the court found, \u201dEPA emphasized that \u201cthere is no data that antibiotic use in agriculture leads to the presence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria of human health concern,\u201d and that \u201c[a]t the present time, there is little evidence for or against the presence of microbes of human health concern in the plant agricultural environment.\u201d And yet, on May 19, 2019, The New York Times<\/em> reported, \u201cThe agency approved the expanded use despite strenuous objections from the\u00a0Food and Drug Administration<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<\/a>, which warn that the heavy use of antimicrobial drugs in agriculture could spur germs to mutate so they become resistant to the drugs, threatening the lives of millions of people.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Citrus greening has been successfully managed organically in Florida, with a combination of biological controls and cultural practices. While citrus greening is causing significant disruptions for many growers, organic farms are finding nontoxic and less toxic measures of addressing the problem.\u202fWatch the talk given by Benny McLean of Uncle Matt\u2019s Orange Juice<\/span><\/a>\u202fat Beyond Pesticides\u2019 National Pesticide Forum held in Orlando, Florida in 2015 for more information about innovative, organic methods to tackle problems in citrus production.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>see Beyond Pesticides\u00a0Organic Agriculture<\/span><\/a>\u00a0page.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Source: Federal Appeals Court Rules Use of Antibiotic as Citrus Pesticide Is Unlawful, Vacates EPA Approval<\/a><\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

 <\/p>\r\n

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 <\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, December 20, 2023) A federal district court decision last week (December 13) found illegal the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s (EPA) decision to register the antibiotic streptomycin for use in Florida citrus to control Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as \u201ccitrus greening,\u201d a plant disease spread by the Asian citrus psyllid. This decision comes just as EPA may allow yet another controversial pesticide, aldicarb, whose registration faces similar issues of agency malfeasance. The streptomycin lawsuit, filed in 2021 by a coalition of farmworker and public interest groups including Beyond Pesticides, raises critical issues of antibiotic resistance, public health protection, and impacts on bees. The case was filed by: Natural Resources Defense Council and U.S. PIRG, represented by NRDC; Beyond Pesticides, Environmental Confederation of Southwest Florida (ECOSWF), Farmworker Association of Florida, Farmworker Justice, and Migrant Clinicians Network, represented by Earthjustice; and the Center for Biological Diversity, represented by in-house counsel. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals took EPA to task for its failure to conduct required analyses and issue findings to support the use of streptomycin for citrus greening. The court is particularly concerned about the agency\u2019s failure to reach findings on the impacts on bees and the agency\u2019s responsibility for […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":34215,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[249,2,404,59,1190,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-34184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture","category-alternativesorganics","category-antibiotic","category-florida","category-streptomycin","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nCourt Finds EPA Allowance of Antibiotic Streptomycin Use on Citrus Illegal - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2023\/12\/court-finds-epa-allowance-of-antibiotic-streptomycin-use-on-citrus-illegal\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Court Finds EPA Allowance of Antibiotic Streptomycin Use on Citrus Illegal - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, December 20, 2023) A federal district court decision last week (December 13) found illegal the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s (EPA) decision to register the antibiotic streptomycin for use in Florida citrus to control Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as \u201ccitrus greening,\u201d a plant disease spread by the Asian citrus psyllid. This decision comes just as EPA may allow yet another controversial pesticide, aldicarb, whose registration faces similar issues of agency malfeasance. The streptomycin lawsuit, filed in 2021 by a coalition of farmworker and public interest groups including Beyond Pesticides, raises critical issues of antibiotic resistance, public health protection, and impacts on bees. The case was filed by: Natural Resources Defense Council and U.S. PIRG, represented by NRDC; Beyond Pesticides, Environmental Confederation of Southwest Florida (ECOSWF), Farmworker Association of Florida, Farmworker Justice, and Migrant Clinicians Network, represented by Earthjustice; and the Center for Biological Diversity, represented by in-house counsel. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals took EPA to task for its failure to conduct required analyses and issue findings to support the use of streptomycin for citrus greening. 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This decision comes just as EPA may allow yet another controversial pesticide, aldicarb, whose registration faces similar issues of agency malfeasance. The streptomycin lawsuit, filed in 2021 by a coalition of farmworker and public interest groups including Beyond Pesticides, raises critical issues of antibiotic resistance, public health protection, and impacts on bees. The case was filed by: Natural Resources Defense Council and U.S. PIRG, represented by NRDC; Beyond Pesticides, Environmental Confederation of Southwest Florida (ECOSWF), Farmworker Association of Florida, Farmworker Justice, and Migrant Clinicians Network, represented by Earthjustice; and the Center for Biological Diversity, represented by in-house counsel. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals took EPA to task for its failure to conduct required analyses and issue findings to support the use of streptomycin for citrus greening. 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By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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