{"id":34663,"date":"2024-02-29T00:01:02","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T05:01:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=34663"},"modified":"2024-03-04T10:25:14","modified_gmt":"2024-03-04T15:25:14","slug":"oregon-is-the-latest-state-to-step-in-and-ban-widely-used-neurotoxic-pesticide-chlorpyrifos-as-epa-stalls","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2024\/02\/oregon-is-the-latest-state-to-step-in-and-ban-widely-used-neurotoxic-pesticide-chlorpyrifos-as-epa-stalls\/","title":{"rendered":"Oregon Is the Latest State to Step In and Ban Widely Used Neurotoxic Pesticide, Chlorpyrifos, as EPA Stalls"},"content":{"rendered":"

(<\/span>Beyond Pesticides<\/span><\/i>, February 29, 2024)\u00a0 In the face of federal inaction, an <\/span>Oregon<\/span><\/a> regulation banning the agricultural uses of the highly toxic <\/span>chlorpyrifos<\/span><\/a> took effect on January 1, 2024. Chlorpyrifos was voluntarily withdrawn from the market in 2000 for most <\/span>residential uses<\/span><\/a> by its manufacturer, Dow Chemical, and has been the subject of extensive litigation. At that time, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) allowed most agricultural uses to continue. Oregon joins four other states that have acted to ban chlorpyrifos, including <\/span>Hawai\u2019i<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>New York<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>California<\/span><\/a>, and <\/span>Maryland<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Central to state action are nervous system and <\/span>brain<\/span><\/a> effects in children, especially farmworker children. Chlorpyrifos is <\/span>banned in 39 countries<\/span><\/a>, including the European Union (see here for more Beyond Pesticides <\/span>coverage<\/span><\/a>). State action has become important since the November 2023 <\/span>decision<\/span><\/a> by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the <\/span>8th Circuit<\/span>, which overturned the EPA rule revoking all food tolerances for chlorpyrifos, an effective ban on chlorpyrifos use.<\/span> The <\/span>final EPA rule<\/span>, issued in August 2021<\/span><\/a>, came in response to a 9th Circuit Court of Appeals <\/span>ruling<\/span><\/a> that found the agency\u2019s inaction on chlorpyrifos unlawful. The case was filed by Earthjustice, <\/span>on behalf of public health, labor, and disability organizations.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The Oregon Department of Agriculture <\/span>began phasing<\/span><\/a> out chlorpyrifos use three years ago. As of January 1, the state rule bans all uses of chlorpyrifos, except when used for commercial pre-plant seed treatments, applied to Christmas tree crops between April 1 and June 15 in granular form annually to control soil-borne pests, and in cattle ear tags. <\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

EPA\u2019s inaction on chlorpyrifos spans decades. Following a <\/span>petition<\/span><\/a> filed in 2007 by<\/span> Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC) and Pesticide Action Network North America (PAN)<\/span>, the issue of chlorpyrifos\u2019 safety moved through the courts\u2014with the 9<\/span>th <\/span>Circuit Court of Appeals <\/span>compelling<\/span><\/a> EPA to reevaluate chlorpyrifos in compliance with the review process in 2021, finding that the agency\u2019s action has been arbitrary and capricious. Prior to this decision, EPA missed numerous deadlines in response to the original 2007 petition. In 2015, the<\/span> EPA administrator in the Trump administration, Scott Pruitt, <\/span>rejected<\/span>\u202fthe\u202f<\/span>conclusions of EPA scientists<\/span><\/a> and independent scientific literature by reversing a\u202f<\/span>tentative decision<\/span><\/a> to revoke food residue tolerances of chlorpyrifos due to the chemical\u2019s neurotoxic impacts. This would have effectively banned chlorpyrifos from agriculture.\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Poster child for pesticide regulatory failure<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

As Jay Feldman, <\/span>executive director<\/a> of Beyond Pesticides observed, this disturbing pattern of regulatory failure by the EPA is not isolated. \u201cEPA\u2019s decision making, delay tactics, and contradictory policies are not confined to chlorpyrifos. Chlorpyrifos, glyphosate, 2,4-D, atrazine, and many others are poster children for a failed regulatory system that props up chemical-intensive agriculture despite the availability of alternative organic practices not reliant on these toxic chemicals,\u201d Mr. Feldman said. \u201cWe have to end use of petrochemical pesticides and fertilizers and not just chase individual pesticides in an unending battle that allows <\/span>the pesticide treadmill<\/a> to continue destroying agriculture and harming farmworkers, farmers, and people generally.\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

As the <\/span>New York Times<\/em> noted<\/span><\/a> after the August 2021 9th Circuit ruling, \u201cIn an unusual move, the new chlorpyrifos policy will not be put in place via the standard regulatory process, under which the EPA first publishes a draft rule, then takes public comment before publishing a final rule. Rather, in compliance with the court order, which noted that the science linking chlorpyrifos to brain damage is over a decade old, the rule will be published in final form, without a draft or public comment period.” “It is very unusual,\u201d Michal Freedhoff, EPA assistant administrator for chemical safety and pollution prevention, said of the court\u2019s directive. \u201cIt speaks to the impatience and the frustration that the courts and environmental groups and farmworkers have with the agency.”<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

“The court basically said, \u2018Enough is enough,'” Ms. Freedhoff said. \u201cEither tell us that it\u2019s safe, and show your work, and if you can\u2019t, then revoke all tolerances.\u201d In a withering attack on EPA, Judge Jed S. Rakoff of the Ninth Circuit wrote on behalf of the court that, rather than ban the pesticide or impose restrictions, the agency \u201csought to evade, through one delaying tactic after another, its plain statutory duties.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Dow Chemical\u2019s decision in 2000 to stop residential uses of chlorpyrifos, taken after extensive research highlighted the adverse impact on children, left its agricultural use unfettered for over 20 years due to EPA\u2019s sustained inaction in the face of strong science. As Beyond Pesticides has warned before, EPA sits in the background and watches the marketplace, then codifies voluntary decisions by manufacturers after years, even generations, of poisoning and contamination. As a result, the voluntary actions by the companies are highly compromised and do not include agency determinations or findings\u2014allowing false claims of safety, offering a shield from liability, and permitting unencumbered international marketing.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Fast forward to 2024 and the reversal of years of science and court findings calling for an end to chlorpyrifos use. What could be characterized as \u201cgoing back to square one,\u201d the most recent Appeals Court finding in 2023 allows the agricultural uses to return to the market, except in the case of state action, like Oregon, Hawai\u2019i, New York, Maryland, and California. Advocates continue to call for stronger mandates and a national goal to eliminate petrochemical pesticides, given the availability of productive and profitable organic practices. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act<\/em> and the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act<\/em> (including the Food Quality Protection Act<\/em>), continuously fail to adequately regulate chlorpyrifos, glyphosate, atrazine, 2,4-D, aldicarb, dicamba, neonicotinoids, synthetic pyrethroid, antimicrobials, and numerous others, including 1,200 active and hundreds of toxic \u201cinert\u201d (non-disclosed) ingredients in over 16,800 pesticide products.<\/p>\n

A note about environmental justice\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Disproportionate impacts on low-income African American and Latino families, including farmworker families, continue with exposure documented, especially for farmworkers and their families. The threats from chlorpyrifos exposure are dire. Farmworker families tend to live in communities adjacent to treated fields and within the buffer zones of agricultural fields. Farmworker studies routinely show high exposure injury and disease from pesticide drift in these communities and other forms of contamination. As Beyond Pesticides <\/span>reported in 2021<\/span><\/a>, \u201cChlorpyrifos exposure lingers in the agricultural communities where farmworkers and their families reside. \u201cWe have found it in the houses, we have found it in carpet, in upholstered furniture, we found it in a teddy bear, and we found it on the walls and surfaces,\u201d said Stuart Calwell, lead attorney for the plaintiffs in a 2021 lawsuit on behalf of some Californian farmworker families. \u201cThen a little child picks up a teddy bear and holds on to it.\u201d Ultimately, according to the attorneys, 100,000 people in California\u2019s farming regions may need to remove items in their homes that were contaminated by chlorpyrifos.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Each of the four plaintiff families has children with developmental disabilities that they indicate were caused by chlorpyrifos exposure. This real-world occurrence is supported by scientific literature. Studies find that children exposed to high levels of chlorpyrifos experience <\/span>mental development delays, attention problems, attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder problems,<\/a> and pervasive developmental disorders at three years of age. Concentrations of chlorpyrifos in umbilical cord blood were also found to <\/span>correspond to a decrease in psychomotor development<\/a> and a decrease in mental development in 3-year-olds.\u00a0 Additional research reinforces these findings, with evidence that <\/span>children with high exposure levels of chlorpyrifos have changes to the brain<\/a>, including enlargement of the superior temporal, posterior middle temporal, and inferior postcentral gyri bilaterally, and enlarged superior frontal gyrus, gyrus rectus, cuneus, and precuneus along the mesial wall of the right hemisphere.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

This toxic treadmill is not the sustainable way forward. The progress on one chemical like chlorpyrifos at the federal level, now reversed, required nonprofits, public health advocates, scientists, and people of good conscience to devote extraordinary resources in time and money at a period when a systemic overhaul is needed to meet the existential health, biodiversity, and climate crises to which petrochemical pesticides and fertilizers contribute significantly. The good news is that the solutions are within reach to move us forward with organic practices that sustain, nurture, and regenerate life.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

See Beyond Pesticides\u2019 <\/span>Organic Agriculture webpage<\/span><\/a> and join our campaign for <\/span>Keeping Organic Strong<\/span><\/a>.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/span><\/i>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Source:<\/strong> Oregon\u2019s Department of Agriculture began phasing out the use of chlorpyrifos in 2020. Now, the state will ban most of its uses this month \u2014 with some exceptions<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>Abandoning Science\u2014A look back at the failure to regulate the neurotoxic insecticide chlorpyrifos<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, February 29, 2024)\u00a0 In the face of federal inaction, an Oregon regulation banning the agricultural uses of the highly toxic chlorpyrifos took effect on January 1, 2024. Chlorpyrifos was voluntarily withdrawn from the market in 2000 for most residential uses by its manufacturer, Dow Chemical, and has been the subject of extensive litigation. At that time, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) allowed most agricultural uses to continue. Oregon joins four other states that have acted to ban chlorpyrifos, including Hawai\u2019i, New York, California, and Maryland.\u00a0\u00a0 Central to state action are nervous system and brain effects in children, especially farmworker children. Chlorpyrifos is banned in 39 countries, including the European Union (see here for more Beyond Pesticides coverage). State action has become important since the November 2023 decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit, which overturned the EPA rule revoking all food tolerances for chlorpyrifos, an effective ban on chlorpyrifos use. The final EPA rule, issued in August 2021, came in response to a 9th Circuit Court of Appeals ruling that found the agency\u2019s inaction on chlorpyrifos unlawful. The case was filed by Earthjustice, on behalf of public health, labor, and disability organizations.\u00a0 The […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":34677,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[249,33,65,529,60,354,215,242,61,10,343,1],"tags":[902,1208,942,1070,1360,1331,723,706,605,609,798,1162,1354,1114,998,1134,737,1272,890,1361,1359],"class_list":["post-34663","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture","category-chlorpyrifos","category-dow","category-drift","category-environmental-justice","category-environmental-protection-agency-epa","category-farmworkers","category-nervous-system-effects","category-oregon","category-pesticide-regulation","category-pesticide-residues","category-uncategorized","tag-ban","tag-brain-effects","tag-central-nervous-system","tag-chlorpyrifos","tag-courts","tag-disproportionate-impacts","tag-dow-chemical-company","tag-environmental-justice","tag-epa","tag-farmworkers","tag-hawaii","tag-insecticide","tag-litigation","tag-local-action","tag-maryland","tag-neurological-impacts","tag-neurotoxicity","tag-new-york","tag-oregon","tag-regulatory-failure","tag-state"],"yoast_head":"\nOregon 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Pesticides\"},\"description\":\"Beyond Pesticides is a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., which works with allies in protecting public health and the environment to lead the transition to a world free of toxic pesticides. The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides) as a nonprofit membership organization in 1981, felt that without the existence of such an organized, national network, local, state and national pesticide policy would become, under chemical industry pressure, increasingly unresponsive to public health and environmental concerns. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions that affect them directly. We believe decisions should not be made for us by chemical companies or by decision-makers who either do not have all of the facts or refuse to consider them. Learn more about our work, read A Year in Review\u20142021, our accomplishments are your victories! Beyond Pesticides seeks to protect healthy air, water, land, and food for ourselves and future generations. By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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