{"id":34693,"date":"2024-03-08T00:01:43","date_gmt":"2024-03-08T05:01:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=34693"},"modified":"2024-03-11T10:08:56","modified_gmt":"2024-03-11T14:08:56","slug":"study-provides-first-combined-assessment-of-multiple-classes-of-pesticides-in-human-blood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2024\/03\/study-provides-first-combined-assessment-of-multiple-classes-of-pesticides-in-human-blood\/","title":{"rendered":"Study Provides First Combined Assessment of Multiple Classes of Pesticides in Human Blood"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

(Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, March 8, 2024) A major problem has vexed pesticide regulators and researchers for decades: Humans and other organisms almost always have multiple pesticides in their bodies, but techniques for assessing their combined effects, or cumulative body burden from multiple chemical classes are not typically available. A new study <\/a>from Chinese and British researchers provides the first combined assessment of multiple classes of pesticides in human blood. The authors believe they are the first to develop a way to quantify multiple types of pesticides in human serum (clear liquid part of blood) as opposed to urine or from other sample collection methods. This is a tool that authors say is a more accurate way of assessing the real world exposure and ultimately the adverse impact of pesticide use on human health.<\/p>\r\n

The researchers had a small sample of 31 men and 34 pregnant women in Wuxi, China. They chose 73 pesticides and a few of their breakdown products to identify from three categories: fungicides, neonicotinoid insecticides, and triazine herbicides. Their testing protocol confirms their expectation that food\u2014primarily produce\u2014is the major source of pesticide exposures. This result reinforces Beyond Pesticides\u2019 mission <\/a>of supporting the shift in agriculture to pesticide-free methods and regenerative practices. Eating organic food<\/a> is the most effective way to reduce the body burden of pesticides.<\/p>\r\n

The researchers detect a total of 40 pesticides and 10 related chemicals in the sample. No sample was free of all pesticides. More than 80 percent contained more than 10 pesticides. The researchers note that this adds to the evidence that pesticides are ubiquitous in human bodies. As Beyond Pesticides often stresses, it defies belief that these chemicals could have no effect on human (and ecosystem) health.<\/p>\r\n

Based on the sampling data, the team calculates each subject\u2019s estimated daily intake (EDI) of each pesticide, adding those together to find a cumulative EDI. They then compare the EDI with acceptable daily intake (ADI) standards for each pesticide set by various countries and international organizations, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the World Health Organization. ADI is an estimate of how much of a substance a person could consume daily over a lifetime without suffering adverse health effects. Then they derive a cumulative hazard quotient (HQ), which is an estimate of the health effects resulting from exposures above the ADI.<\/p>\r\n

Of the three pesticide categories, fungicides occurr most often and at the highest levels. Boscalid, a carbamid compound, is the most common fungicide in the samples. Upon its registration in 2003, EPA described <\/a>it as \u201cpractically nontoxic.\u201d But it inhibits succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) a chemical whose structure and functions, in the words of one review<\/a>, are highly conserved in \u201cnearly all extant eukaryotes\u201d\u2014that is, everything but bacteria and their unicellular cousins, the archaea. Therefore, what it does to one organism it may very well do to all (including humans). Studies <\/a>in zebrafish show unambiguously that boscalid affects central nervous system development and function and glucose metabolism, causes oxidative stress, and disrupts <\/a>reproductive hormones.<\/p>\r\n

Four of the fungicides are triazoles, which the authors note can cross the blood-brain barrier and infiltrate cerebrospinal fluid. The current study is the first to find them in human serum. Triazoles affect a steroid synthesis pathway in fungi that is the same in humans<\/a>. Triazoles are known <\/a>to damage cardiac tissue and trigger oxidative stress in rats.<\/p>\r\n

Simazine is the most common triazine herbicide in the samples. The triazine family includes the notorious endocrine disrupter atrazine; simazine is used for weed control in fruit and nut orchards, berry fields and cornfields, and aquatic environments. EPA regulates <\/a>simazine according to its similarity to atrazine. It was approved in 1972<\/a> for algae control in swimming pools, hot tubs and whirlpools until 1994, when EPA withdrew <\/a>this registration based on \u201cunacceptable cancer and non-cancer health risks to children and adults.\u201d However, by 2022, EPA declared in a rule <\/a>establishing tolerances for certain crops that \u201ccancer risk is not a concern and a quantitative cancer risk was not conducted.\u201d Researchers <\/a>have found effects of simazine on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis leading to, for example, \u201cconstant estrus [in heat]\u201d and \u201ccontinuous estrogen stimulation of mammary gland\u201d in female rats. Endocrine disruption is a well-established factor<\/a> in the development of many cancers.<\/p>\r\n

Neonicotinoids are widely recognized to be neurotoxic to many beneficial insects such as bees as well as humans, but they may also have other harmful effects, including disruption of metabolic functions involving lipids and leading to obesity and cardiovascular disease. A previous study <\/a>in Wuxi by different researchers identified nine neonicotinoids in human serum along with nine lipids already known to be affected by environmental contaminants, including dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and organophosphorus flame retardants. The authors of the current study found eight neonicotinoids in their samples, three of which had not been observed in human serum before. They also observed that, like some fungicides, neonicotinoids can cross the blood-brain barrier.<\/p>\r\n

The authors found that there is a clear linear relationship between maximum residue levels allowed in foods, also called tolerances, and the serum levels of pesticides in their study subjects\u2014the higher the allowable residue in food, the higher the serum level of that pesticide. This means that setting these tolerances lower or eliminating them altogether would go a long way toward reducing pesticide exposures, as would better monitoring and enforcement of such regulations in the U.S., especially on imported foods<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n

One important aspect of the current study is the identification of numerous troubling pesticides not previously found in human serum, findings that adds to the urgency of further investigation. But the study did not directly demonstrate that any of the pesticides they analyzed are causing adverse health effects. The study\u2019s main significance is that it establishes a method for measuring, comparing, and determining cumulative levels of numerous pesticides in human serum. This method can help determine the extent and severity of those pesticides\u2019 consequences individually and cumulatively.<\/p>\r\n

Perhaps unintentionally, the study also highlights the inadequacy of methods calculating exposures and health hazards using the crude estimates of EDI, ADI, HQ and maximum residue levels\/tolerances. These concepts are imprecise almost to the point of \u201chand waving<\/a>.\u201d They rest on the assumption that there are some levels of pesticides in the body that are harmless\u2014which, even if true, fails to account for the total risks and hazards presented by the ubiquitous body burdens of multiple pesticides. The most rational course to protect humans and ecosystems from pesticide exposures is to switch agriculture to organic methods as soon as possible. For more on the public health outcomes linked to pesticide exposure, see Beyond Pesticides\u2019 Pesticide-Induced Diseases Database<\/a>.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides<\/em><\/p>\r\n

Sources:
\r\nExposure levels and health implications of fungicides, neonicotinoid insecticides, triazine herbicides and their associated metabolites in pregnant women and men.\u00a0Nanxiu Shang, Yingying Yang, Yilin Xiao, Yukang Wu, Kaixuan Li, Xiaoman Jiang, Edmond Sanganyado, Qing Zhang, Xinghui Xia,\u00a0Environmental Pollution,\u00a0Volume 342, 1 February 2024. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0269749123020717<\/a><\/p>\r\n

A comprehensive review of 1,2,4-triazole fungicide toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio): A mitochondrial and metabolic perspective.\u00a0Tao Huang, Haibo Jiang, Yuanhui Zhao, Jia He, Hongguang Cheng, Christopher J. Martyniuk,\u00a0Science of The Total Environment 2022. https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0048969721062550<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Biomonitoring and risk assessment of human exposure to triazole fungicides panel. Luiz P.A. Marciano, Luiz F. Costa, Naiane S. Cardoso, Josiane Freire, Fernando Feltrim, Geovana S. Oliveira, Fernanda B.A. Paula, Alessandra C.P. Silv\u00e9rio, Isarita Martins,\u00a0Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology,\u00a0Volume 147, February 2024.\u00a0https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0273230024000060<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Serum concentrations of neonicotinoids, and their associations with lipid molecules of the general residents in Wuxi City, Eastern China. Qianyu Chen, Yayun Zhang, Jianhua Li, Guanyong Su, Qi Chen, Zhen Ding, Hong Sun,\u00a0Journal of Hazardous Materials,\u00a0Volume 413, 5 July 2021<\/p>\r\n

See Beyond Pesticides info:<\/p>\r\n

Disproportionate Risks: The Effects of Pesticide Exposure Among the Population.\u00a0 https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/disproportionate-risks\/overview<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Read More on Beyond Pesticides’ Agricultural Justice Page. https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/agricultural-justice<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Pesticide-Induced Diseases: Body Burden.\u00a0https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/body-burden<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Of Note During Organic Month, Study Finds Organic Diet and Location Affect Pesticide Residues in the Body.\u00a0https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2023\/09\/of-note-during-organic-month-study-finds-organic-diet-and-location-affect-pesticide-residues-in-the-body\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, March 8, 2024) A major problem has vexed pesticide regulators and researchers for decades: Humans and other organisms almost always have multiple pesticides in their bodies, but techniques for assessing their combined effects, or cumulative body burden from multiple chemical classes are not typically available. A new study from Chinese and British researchers provides the first combined assessment of multiple classes of pesticides in human blood. The authors believe they are the first to develop a way to quantify multiple types of pesticides in human serum (clear liquid part of blood) as opposed to urine or from other sample collection methods. This is a tool that authors say is a more accurate way of assessing the real world exposure and ultimately the adverse impact of pesticide use on human health. The researchers had a small sample of 31 men and 34 pregnant women in Wuxi, China. They chose 73 pesticides and a few of their breakdown products to identify from three categories: fungicides, neonicotinoid insecticides, and triazine herbicides. Their testing protocol confirms their expectation that food\u2014primarily produce\u2014is the major source of pesticide exposures. This result reinforces Beyond Pesticides\u2019 mission of supporting the shift in agriculture to pesticide-free methods […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":34743,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[72,85,354,374,328,187,537,1,477],"tags":[1396,1283,711,997,1394,1397,1055,1073,600,698,1054,1395,1399,1400,1398],"class_list":["post-34693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-atrazine","category-endocrine-disruption","category-environmental-protection-agency-epa","category-fungicides","category-neonicotinoids","category-simazine","category-triazines","category-uncategorized","category-world-health-organization","tag-blood","tag-body-burdens","tag-food","tag-herbicide","tag-human","tag-methodology","tag-neonics","tag-pesticide-exposure","tag-pesticides","tag-research","tag-residues","tag-serum","tag-simazine","tag-tolerances","tag-triazole"],"yoast_head":"\nStudy Provides First Combined Assessment of Multiple Classes of Pesticides in 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