{"id":35181,"date":"2024-04-30T00:01:59","date_gmt":"2024-04-30T04:01:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=35181"},"modified":"2024-04-29T10:55:39","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T14:55:39","slug":"meta-analysis-catalogues-pesticides-adverse-impact-on-how-genes-function","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2024\/04\/meta-analysis-catalogues-pesticides-adverse-impact-on-how-genes-function\/","title":{"rendered":"Meta-Analysis Catalogues Pesticides\u2019 Adverse Impact on How Genes Function"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>(<em>Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, April 30, 2024) Researchers found epigenetic changes, including changes relating to \u201cDNA methylation, histone modification, and differential microRNA expression [which \u2018can alter the expression of many disease-related genes\u2019],\u201d in a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature published in <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eep\/dvae005\"><em>Environmental Epigenetics<\/em><\/a>. \u201cOur review did provide evidence that pesticide exposure could lead to epigenetic modifications, possibly altering global and gene-specific methylation levels, epigenome-wide methylation, and micro-RNA differential expression,\u201d researchers share in the conclusion of the study.<\/p>\n<p>This study is an amalgamation of various studies on epigenetic changes based on a literature review process: \u201cArticle review involved [3,529 articles found through] extensive searches across major human health databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane, and BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Sa\u00fade &#8211; the Latin American Health Database). Searches covered articles published through December 2020. Considering the diverse terminologies used to describe the same epigenetic mechanism in this field, the search strategy aimed to encompass all relevant articles by combining a variety of search terms in titles and abstracts. This approach was implemented across PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases to ensure comprehensive coverage.\u201d Studies were not included if the participants were not considered \u201chealthy individuals\u201d or if the participants had \u201cknown inherent\/congenital or acquired genetic disorder[s].\u201d Out of 3,529 articles initially found, 28 articles were finalized after going through eligibility criteria.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen a modification occurs in a gene\u2019s promoter region, it impedes the binding of activating transcription factors and triggers the formation of a closed chromatin structure through specific histone modifications,\u201d the researchers explain in describing the relationship between pesticide exposure and biomolecular alterations that impact an individual\u2019s epigenetics. \u201cAssessing sperm samples from military veterans of Operation Ranch Hand exposed to Agent Orange, Kelsey et al. (2019) associated loss of DNA methylation in four different CpG sites of the TEAD3 gene with dioxin exposure,\u201d says researchers in the study. DNA methylation is essential to the development and transfer of genes. \u201cIn addition, by assessing regional DNA methylation changes, 36 gene regions, including the region of the imprinted gene H19 were found to have altered DNA methylation associated with high dioxin exposure compared to the low dioxin exposure group.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>One of the selected studies involves the tracking of micro-RNA (miRNA) profiles from urine of farmworkers exposed to organophosphate pesticides. \u201cA cohort of mother-child farmworker pairs exposed to organophosphate pesticides and non-farmworker pairs was studied by measuring urinary microRNA profiles []. Significant differences in miRNA profiles were found between adult farmworkers and non-farmworkers and also between seasons. During the post-harvest season, six miRNAs were identified as being positively associated with farmworkers.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Epigenetic changes through pesticide exposure have been documented by various scientific studies focusing on different adverse health effects. For example, a 2023 study published in <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2024\/01\/pesticides-role-in-lower-sperm-counts-and-reproductive-harm-in-men-again-in-science-literature\/\"><em>Endocrine<\/em><\/a> notes that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (including primary ingredients in herbicides such as glyphosate and organophosphate and carbamate insecticides) can bind to hormone receptors, dysregulating hormone receptor expression, disrupting the production and metabolism of the steroid hormone (steroidogenesis), and altering the epigenetic (heritable traits) mechanisms. The resulting reproductive outcomes from endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure include poor semen quality, increased sperm DNA fragmentation, increased gonadotropin levels, a slightly increased risk of hereditary malformations (e.g., cryptorchidism and hypospadias), and testicular tumor development. Regarding prenatal exposure, maternal exposure to EDCs increases the predisposition for testicular tumor development, as well.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, a 2023 study published in <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2024\/01\/loss-of-chromosome-y-in-male-farmers-genotoxic-implications-for-cancer\/\"><em>Environmental Health Perspectives<\/em><\/a> observed life-long exposure to glyphosate increases the risk of mosaic loss of chromosome Y (loss of chromosome Y occurs to many men in some cells due to aging [mLOY]) that impacts a noticeable contingent of cells. Although the loss of this sex chromosome does not cause cell death, like the loss of autosomal chromosomes, the risk of mLOY is a biomarker for genotoxicity (the damage of genetic information within a cell causing mutations from chemical exposure, which may lead to cancer) and expansion of cellular response to glyphosate, resulting in the precursor for hematological (blood) cancers. For a broader history of independent and peer-reviewed scientific literature in this field of study, see the Daily News Blog section on <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/category\/diseasehealth-effects\/epigenetic\/\">epigenetics<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Beyond Pesticides has discussed extensively the impact of pesticide exposure on human health, particularly in its relationship with epigenetics and environmental obesogens. Environmental obesogens are chemicals that are proven to have a health impact on metabolic systems relating to obesity. As a keynote speaker at Beyond Pesticides\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/national-pesticide-forum\/past-conferences\/overview-2018\">36th National Pesticide Forum, \u201cOrganic Neighborhoods: For healthy children, families, and ecology,\u201d<\/a> Bruce Blumberg, PhD broke down the impacts of prenatal obesogens in the session <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=o6iMz_etAOA\">Cutting Edge Science<\/a>. \u201cIn the obesogen-exposed animals, this structure is disturbed, and that leads to heritable changes in which genes are expressed. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/PesticideExposureandtheObesityPandemic.PAY.fall18-web.pdf\">This altered structure is inherited, and that leads us to get this leptin-resistant thrifty phenotype four generations later<\/a>, as published in [a 2017 <em>Nature Communications <\/em>study which determined] ancestral perinatal obesogen exposure results in a transgenerational thrifty phenotype in mice.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>There are several aspects of obesogens that scientists are still determining, including the number of obesogens and the degree to which prenatal exposure alters adult phenotype from babies as they grow up from ancestors who have intergenerational interactions with obesogens. There is also a 2024 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2024\/02\/pesticide-exposure-linked-to-obesity-type-2-diabetes-and-metabolic-disease-in-seniors\/\">Chemosphere<\/a> <\/em>study that describes associations between type 2 diabetes, obesity, and pesticide exposure, specifically \u03b2-Hexachlorocyclohexane (\u03b2-BHC) and oxadiazon.<\/p>\n<p>Long-term pesticide exposure, and exposure to a mixture of various chemicals, has impacts on a far range of health consequences not just to human health, but to ecosystem integrity in its entirety. Beyond Pesticides acknowledges the decades of advocacy toward organic principles not only for agricultural purposes, but for broader land management strategies to prevent the unnecessary spread of toxic petrochemical pesticides. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/eating-with-a-conscience\/overview\">Eating With A Conscience<\/a> to learn about the toxic pesticides commonly used in conventionally grown fruits and produce to make a more informed decision ahead of your next grocery store run. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/organic-agriculture\/keeping-organic-strong\">Keeping Organic Strong<\/a> to learn how to strengthen National Organic Program standards in service of public health, climate action, and consumer interests.<\/p>\n<p><em>All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eep\/dvae005\"><em>Environmental Epigenetics<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Beyond Pesticides, April 30, 2024) Researchers found epigenetic changes, including changes relating to \u201cDNA methylation, histone modification, and differential microRNA expression [which \u2018can alter the expression of many disease-related genes\u2019],\u201d in a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing literature published in Environmental Epigenetics. \u201cOur review did provide evidence that pesticide exposure could lead to epigenetic modifications, possibly altering global and gene-specific methylation levels, epigenome-wide methylation, and micro-RNA differential expression,\u201d researchers share in the conclusion of the study. This study is an amalgamation of various studies on epigenetic changes based on a literature review process: \u201cArticle review involved [3,529 articles found through] extensive searches across major human health databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane, and BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Sa\u00fade &#8211; the Latin American Health Database). Searches covered articles published through December 2020. Considering the diverse terminologies used to describe the same epigenetic mechanism in this field, the search strategy aimed to encompass all relevant articles by combining a variety of search terms in titles and abstracts. This approach was implemented across PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases to ensure comprehensive coverage.\u201d Studies were not included if the participants were not considered \u201chealthy individuals\u201d or if the participants had \u201cknown inherent\/congenital or [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":35183,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[199,21,3,484,521,1],"tags":[862,827,1201,1202,444,1003,643,1553,1248,1362,924,636,818],"class_list":["post-35181","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biomonitoring","category-chemicals","category-diseasehealth-effects","category-epigenetic","category-poisoning","category-uncategorized","tag-chemical","tag-chemicals","tag-dna","tag-dna-damage","tag-endocrine-disruption","tag-epigenetic","tag-health","tag-health-risks","tag-human-health","tag-obesogens","tag-review","tag-science","tag-study"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - 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By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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