{"id":36543,"date":"2024-10-01T00:01:27","date_gmt":"2024-10-01T04:01:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=36543"},"modified":"2024-10-01T11:32:38","modified_gmt":"2024-10-01T15:32:38","slug":"beyond-pesticides-urges-ban-of-weed-killer-paraquat-using-same-criteria-used-in-the-landmark-dacthal-ban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2024\/10\/beyond-pesticides-urges-ban-of-weed-killer-paraquat-using-same-criteria-used-in-the-landmark-dacthal-ban\/","title":{"rendered":"Beyond Pesticides Urges Ban of Weed Killer Paraquat Using Same Criteria Used in the Landmark Dacthal Ban"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p>(<em>Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, October 1, 2024) While the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) received accolades for its August 7, 2024, decision to ban the herbicide Dacthal (or DCPA\u2014dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate), it also leaves many people asking, \u201cWhy Dacthal and not other very hazardous pesticides?\u201d Paraquat, for example, poses similar elevated hazards to people and the environment, has no antidote, and has viable alternatives. Therefore, Beyond Pesticides is challenging EPA to apply the same standard that removed Dacthal from the market to the long list of pesticides that are contributing to a health crisis, biodiversity collapse, and the climate emergency.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>In the case of Dacthal, EPA used the \u201cimminent hazard\u201d clause of the federal pesticide law to immediately suspend the chemical&#8217;s use. At the same time, the agency is exercising its authority to prohibit the continued use of Dacthal&#8217;s existing stocks, a power that EPA rarely uses. Additionally, the agency, in coordination with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, found that there were alternatives to Dacthal. <strong><u>Based on the reasoning in the Dacthal decision, EPA should ban paraquat, Beyond Pesticides says.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fclick.everyaction.com%2Fk%2F93767491%2F501569203%2F-2011962383%3Fcontactdata%3DfnLOMWlVxfHoyohzViTfRY5iwrucv2dLWablJal7I3JalvMO4r9OdqLlgA8jZqAa6h2XPXGWvApTso5J7gzgsjGZMM%2FI%2Bfc2186o56y6xdO1qGgH8pXLPHlMlQUOvO5ywIRuOU%2B%2FgIQpjcVxoaBECt5ciEtfGxCrwTJEfztkOMdVrWBszo5IqZSzs8qeRNSvufMoH34EGJi3IRbAaKr%2FYV9SJCyo3Rp9H0pvHoYjwcz0I%2BjPosc%2FH%2B8%2BvhoOhuF0V87E2qbjFdCLkdoD%2F7EgpArScgh%2FSOpWL9mrG%2FAOMZo%3D%26nvep%3Dew0KICAiVGVuYW50VXJpIjogIm5ncHZhbjovL3Zhbi9FQS9FQTAwMy8xLzcyMjM2IiwNCiAgIkRpc3RyaWJ1dGlvblVuaXF1ZUlkIjogImY3YjJkZmYzLWExN2QtZWYxMS04NDc0LTYwNDViZGE4YWFlOSIsDQogICJFbWFpbEFkZHJlc3MiOiAiSmZlbGRtYW5AYmV5b25kcGVzdGljaWRlcy5vcmciDQp9%26hmac%3DIhTrprwCzk4-Uk0olHn_N5MjsPiwkNjWtxmbu3pNTO0%3D%26emci%3D00500f1d-057d-ef11-8474-6045bda8aae9%26emdi%3Df7b2dff3-a17d-ef11-8474-6045bda8aae9%26ceid%3D85225&amp;data=05%7C02%7CJfeldman%40beyondpesticides.org%7C62764003437a406bb91808dcdfc60716%7Cc752d38fe68a46fc83ee8e12479e74ad%7C0%7C0%7C638631288837177143%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C4000%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=1mw%2FQadljgKIsPN2tdX47mlHKejl7EB8spFmF7CGIyU%3D&amp;reserved=0\">&gt;&gt; EPA must apply the standard of the Dacthal decision to paraquat and issue an emergency suspension and prohibit use of existing stocks.<\/a>\u00a0<br \/>\r\n<\/strong><br \/>\r\n<strong>Paraquat poses immediate serious harms to people and the environment. [First factor used in Dacthal decision]<\/strong><br \/>\r\nCiting serious health issues associated with its use, including Parkinson&#8217;s disease, and inaction by EPA, a number of legislative efforts have been undertaken to ban paraquat. A bill in California, originally introduced as a ban bill (AB 1963), was amended to require state review and passed in August. According to the California Legislative Information website, the legislation \u201c[r]equires, on or before January 1, 2029, the Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) to complete a reevaluation of paraquat dichloride (paraquat), and make the determination to retain, cancel, or suspend its registration, or to place new appropriate restrictions on the use of paraquat.\u201d The bill&#8217;s passage follows a long history of scientific documentation of the pesticide&#8217;s hazards, fits and starts in the regulatory process, and previous efforts to ban the herbicide through legislative action. In 2018, U.S. Representative Nydia Velasquez (D-NY) introduced legislation (<em>Protect Against Paraquat Act<\/em>) to ban paraquat. Paraquat was banned in the European Union in 2007, following its prohibition years earlier in 13 countries, including Sweden, Denmark, and Austria. Now, over 60 countries have banned the use, production, and sale of paraquat, including China, where it was first developed.\u00a0 <br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nThe 6th\u202fedition of\u202f<em>Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings<\/em> by James R. Roberts, M.D., MPH, and J. Routt Reigart, M.D., says, \u201cWhen a toxic dose is ingested (see below), paraquat has life-threatening effects on the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, liver, heart and other organs. The LD50 in humans is approximately 3-5 mg\/kg, which translates into as little as 10-15 mL of a 20% solution&#8230; Although pulmonary toxicity occurs later in paraquat poisoning than other manifestations, it is the most severe and, therefore, mentioned first. Pulmonary effects represent the most lethal and least treatable manifestation of toxicity from this agent. The primary mechanism is through the generation of free radicals with oxidative damage to lung tissue. While acute pulmonary edema and early lung damage may occur within a few hours of severe acute exposures, the delayed toxic damage of pulmonary fibrosis, the usual cause of death, most commonly occurs 7-14 days after the ingestion. In those patients who ingest a very large amount of concentrated solution (20%), some have died more rapidly from circulatory failure (within 48 hours) prior to the onset of pulmonary fibrosis.\u201d\u00a0 <br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nA 2005 study in <em>Toxicological Sciences<\/em> was able to \u201creproduce features of Parkinson&#8217;s disease (PD) in experimental animals.\u201d Studies continued to replicate findings associating paraquat with Parkinson&#8217;s disease, as EPA continued to reject the need for action. In the U.S., paraquat is currently a restricted-use pesticide (meaning it can only be applied by certified applicators or those working under their on- or off-site supervision) and banned on golf courses. There is established and mounting evidence of links between minimal exposure and various adverse health impacts for humans and wildlife. \u00a0 <br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nBeyond Pesticides continues to track the latest scientific literature on adverse health impacts of paraquat. Within all the single-pollutant models employed in a 2022 study published in the <em>Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism<\/em>, researchers found a linkage between paraquat dichloride and thyroid cancer. Another study published that same year in the <em>Independent<\/em> determined the toxic impacts of paraquat on bird embryos, including the Japanese quail, mallards, bobwhite quail, and ring-necked pheasant. <br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nEPA&#8217;s ecological risk assessment, in support of its ID, did not consider risks to endangered\/threatened species and the potential jeopardy of their continued existence. As stated in the assessment: \u201cGiven that the agencies are continuing to develop and work toward implementation of the Interim Approaches to assess the potential risks of pesticides to listed species and their designated critical habitat, this ecological risk assessment for paraquat does not contain a complete ESA analysis that includes effects determinations for specific listed species or designated critical habitat.\u201d Considering that the calculated risk quotients (RQs) exceed established levels of concern (LOCs) for most unlisted species, it can be inferred that listed plant and animal species in areas of paraquat use could indisputably be at risk of jeopardy.\u00a0 <br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nParaquat has also not been fully assessed by EPA for potential endocrine disruption. Both the human health and ecological assessments deferred an assessment and provided canned language that endocrine-disrupting potential will be further considered under the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP). However, there is evidence available that paraquat has endocrine-disrupting effects. The use of paraquat is significantly associated with hypothyroidism. Paraquat has been reported to decrease testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin in male rats. In the frog <em>Rana esculenta<\/em>, paraquat was found to inhibit the production of testosterone in the testis and 17-beta-estradiol in the ovary. More importantly, the endocrine disruption activity of paraquat that causes excessive reactive oxygen species production also links paraquat to Parkinson&#8217;s Disease. Though somewhat limited, these data do indicate a potential for unreasonable adverse endocrine disruption in humans and wildlife. They should be further investigated as mandated in the <em>Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act<\/em> (FIFRA) and the <em>Food Quality Protection Act<\/em> (FQPA).\u00a0 <br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\n<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/nam10.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fclick.everyaction.com%2Fk%2F93767493%2F501569209%2F-2011962383%3Fcontactdata%3DfnLOMWlVxfHoyohzViTfRY5iwrucv2dLWablJal7I3JalvMO4r9OdqLlgA8jZqAa6h2XPXGWvApTso5J7gzgsjGZMM%2FI%2Bfc2186o56y6xdO1qGgH8pXLPHlMlQUOvO5ywIRuOU%2B%2FgIQpjcVxoaBECt5ciEtfGxCrwTJEfztkOMdVrWBszo5IqZSzs8qeRNSvufMoH34EGJi3IRbAaKr%2FYV9SJCyo3Rp9H0pvHoYjwcz0I%2BjPosc%2FH%2B8%2BvhoOhuF0V87E2qbjFdCLkdoD%2F7EgpArScgh%2FSOpWL9mrG%2FAOMZo%3D%26nvep%3Dew0KICAiVGVuYW50VXJpIjogIm5ncHZhbjovL3Zhbi9FQS9FQTAwMy8xLzcyMjM2IiwNCiAgIkRpc3RyaWJ1dGlvblVuaXF1ZUlkIjogImY3YjJkZmYzLWExN2QtZWYxMS04NDc0LTYwNDViZGE4YWFlOSIsDQogICJFbWFpbEFkZHJlc3MiOiAiSmZlbGRtYW5AYmV5b25kcGVzdGljaWRlcy5vcmciDQp9%26hmac%3DIhTrprwCzk4-Uk0olHn_N5MjsPiwkNjWtxmbu3pNTO0%3D%26emci%3D00500f1d-057d-ef11-8474-6045bda8aae9%26emdi%3Df7b2dff3-a17d-ef11-8474-6045bda8aae9%26ceid%3D85225&amp;data=05%7C02%7CJfeldman%40beyondpesticides.org%7C62764003437a406bb91808dcdfc60716%7Cc752d38fe68a46fc83ee8e12479e74ad%7C0%7C0%7C638631288837191885%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C4000%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=%2FyCQ26ZtPoE4u5UvWHCFOBWiP3UkDMXF6WLD2auUIyg%3D&amp;reserved=0\">&gt;&gt; EPA must apply the standard of the Dacthal decision to paraquat and issue an emergency suspension and prohibit use of existing stocks.<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong><br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\n<strong>Mitigation measures have not eliminated the harm. [Second factor used in Dacthal decision]<\/strong><br \/>\r\nIn 2018, EPA downplayed the connection between exposure to paraquat and the development of Parkinson&#8217;s disease in\u202fregistration review documents released by the agency. But California Assemblymember Friedman, the prime sponsor of AB1963 (cited above), in a press release on the day the California legislation was introduced, said, \u201cWe cannot afford to ignore decades of mounting evidence linking paraquat exposure to Parkinson&#8217;s disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and childhood leukemia.\u201d She continued: \u201cIn 2021, the latest year for which data are publicly available, just over 430,000 pounds were applied in California, primarily in Kern, Kings, Fresno, Merced, and Tulare counties. The herbicide is extremely toxic to humans, with low doses causing death, and it has been linked to increased risk of Parkinson&#8217;s Disease.\u201d\u00a0 <br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nEPA&#8217;s actions, or inaction as some would argue, on the scientific literature on paraquat exposure and Parkinson&#8217;s disease represent a failure of EPA to take a proactive approach in ending the continued exposure and health impacts of the toxic herbicide to chemically sensitive populations. According to EPA&#8217;s Office of Pesticide Programs&#8217; guidelines on paraquat and diquat, these ammonium herbicides are life-threatening in toxic doses and hold the potential to \u201cimpact GI tract, kidney, lungs liver, heart, and other organs.\u201d Specifically re: paraquat, \u201cpulmonary fibrosis is the usual cause of death in paraquat poisoning.\u201d\u00a0 <br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nIn 2019, EPA released, \u201cSystematic Review of the Literature to Evaluate the Relationship between Paraquat Dichloride Exposure and Parkinson&#8217;s Disease.\u201d Following this ruling, EPA was lambasted for its dismissal of the linkage between Paraquat exposure and Parkinson&#8217;s Disease, despite a growing body of literature between 2009 and 2019 and, given that \u201c[a]n EPA environmental review conducted as part of the reregistration process found evidence of significant reproductive harm to small mammals, and determined that songbirds may be exposed to levels well beyond lethal concentrations known to cause death. Threats to mammals and songbirds are particularly concerning considering significant declines in these animal groups.\u201d\u00a0 <br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nIn 2019, Beyond Pesticides submitted comments: \u201cSince the agency risk assessments are intended to support Agency risk management review, risk management recommendations are not provided in its draft risk assessments. The many risk concerns and uncertainties (lack of data) identified in both the human health and ecological risk assessments make it unconscionable to allow continued use of such a dangerous pesticide as paraquat. A restricted use label will do little to allay the ecological risk concerns enumerated or adequately protect persons in the vicinity of treatments or harvest and post-harvest activities. Taken together with the clear inability of the agency to preclude the potential for Parkinson&#8217;s disease, it is recommended that the use of paraquat should be immediately suspended if not outright cancelled as it is in the EU and several other countries.\u201d\u00a0 <br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nIn late January 2024, EPA released a report, \u201cPreliminary Supplemental Consideration of Certain Issues in Support of its Interim Registration Review Decision for Paraquat.\u201d According to the interim report, \u201cThe Agency prepared several documents to support its 2021 interim registration review decision for paraquat and attempted &#8216;to connect the dots&#8217; of the risk-benefit information contained in its support documents in the Paraquat ID.\u201d The results of this interim report, specifically regarding linkage to Parkinson&#8217;s Disease and other health risks associated with chronic exposure to paraquat, highlight the flaws in EPA&#8217;s approach to risk assessment and opportunities to incorporate additional sources of sound science in the final report in January 2025. For example, \u201cEPA intends to consider [additional studies] as part of the next steps in this process. First, EPA recognizes that the Michael J. Fox Foundation and Earthjustice submitted letters to EPA on August 4, 2023, along with information that they believe is relevant to EPA&#8217;s consideration of paraquat&#8217;s health risks. This information consisted of approximately 90 submissions including scientific studies, as well as testimony filed in an ongoing state lawsuit concerning paraquat. EPA has included these documents in the docket for paraquat at EPA-HQ-OPP-2011-0855-0317 and EPA-HQ-OPP2011-0855-0313. While the Agency has started reviewing that material, it was unable to complete that review prior to the issuance of this document. [As a result, this document does not reflect the Agency&#8217;s review of any of those materials.] Second, new information on paraquat vapor pressure was submitted on January 18, 2024, which may impact the Agency&#8217;s volatilization analysis. Due to the late submission of that data, EPA has not incorporated that information into this document. Therefore, EPA intends to address that material along with any other significant information it receives during the public comment period and incorporate its consideration of those materials into any final document(s) issued by January 17, 2025.\u201d Advocates found it surprising that the EPA was not able to review studies submitted by the Michael J. Fox Foundation and Earthjustice even though the agency had more than several months for review. Beyond Pesticides will continue to track updates to this upcoming public comment period to insert new studies and data points for EPA to include in their final report.\u00a0 <br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nIn April 2024, Beyond Pesticides&#8217; comments on the Paraquat Interim Registration Review stated, \u201cEPA failed to assess a common mechanism of toxicity for PQ [paraquat] and any other substance in its review for the ID [interim decision], erroneously concluding that PQ does not have a common mechanism of toxicity or combined toxic action with other substances that may interact and potentiate its action.\u201d The comments address the mandates under FIFRA and FQPA, stating that the agency failed to meet its mandate to obtain proof that paraquat \u201cunequivocally does not cause or contribute to Parkinson&#8217;s disease\u201d and to assess paraquat endocrinological risk through FQPA&#8217;s EDSP, respectively. Additionally, the comments cite EPA&#8217;s failure to adequately review and incorporate the breadth of studies pointing to a relationship between Parkinson&#8217;s Disease and paraquat exposure; failure within its ecological risk assessment to consider risks to endangered wildlife and subsequent ecosystem balance concerns; and failure in its risk-benefit analysis to fully consider the risks of paraquat exposure.\u00a0 <br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\n<strong>The public does not benefit from continued registration of paraquat. [Third factor used in Dacthal decision]<\/strong><br \/>\r\nAlthough EPA asserts that there are no direct alternatives to paraquat, several alternatives, chemical and nonchemical, are widely available. Given the availability of alternative pest management practices that incorporate alternative cultural practices and\/or less toxic products, including other registered pesticides, the agency has a statutory duty to revoke all registrations of the paraquat under its unreasonable adverse effects standard in FIFRA. The risks and uncertainties identified by the agency in its assessments and the independent scientific literature are not reasonable in light of the availability of less toxic alternatives and cultural practices. To refute a rebuttable presumption against paraquat registration, the many data gaps listed before would need to be fulfilled and reveal opposing evidence to existing adverse effect data.\u00a0 <br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\n<strong><u>EPA has sufficient information to cancel paraquat.<\/u> <\/strong>EPA has the information above, which is in the open literature and\/or provided in regulatory comments by Beyond Pesticides and others. The failed regulation, and subsequent harm, caused by paraquat is but one representation of a failed regulatory system that can and should do more to eliminate the use of toxic petrochemical-based pesticides. The convergence of crosscutting crises of health threats, biodiversity collapse, and the climate emergency stems from continued reliance on fossil fuels and petrochemical pesticides and fertilizers, which perpetuate the harms of greenhouse gas emissions. These crises are causing ecosystem fragmentation and failure, and public health crises that undermine the nutritional integrity of the food supply and the scientific integrity the public relies on for safety and well-being. <br \/>\r\n<br \/>\r\nAfter decades of working with farmworkers and farmers who face the brunt of toxic pesticide exposure, <strong><u>Beyond Pesticides urges the expansion and strengthening of organic land management principles to move beyond the existing product substitution framework, or pesticide treadmill, that leads to the continuous use of toxic pesticides.<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>EPA Administrator Michal Regan<br \/>\r\n<\/strong>I am pleased to see EPA\u2019s action to ban Dacthal and prohibit the use of existing stocks. Now, I respectfully request that EPA apply the same criteria to paraquat and stop its use.<\/p>\r\n<p>In deciding to ban Dacthal, EPA says it considered the seriousness, immediacy, and likelihood of the threatened harm; benefits to the public of continued use; and nature and extent of the information before EPA.<\/p>\r\n<p>Please apply the three following criteria to paraquat, the three factors used to ban Dacthal.<\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>Paraquat poses immediate serious harms to people and the environment.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>The 6th\u202fedition of\u202fRecognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings by James R. Roberts, M.D., M.P.H, and J. Routt Reigart, M.D., says, \u201c[P]araquat has life-threatening effects on the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, liver, heart and other organs. The LD50 in humans is approximately 3-5 mg\/kg, which translates into as little as 10-15 mL of a 20% solution. . . Although pulmonary toxicity occurs later in paraquat poisoning than other manifestations, it is the most severe and, . . .[p]ulmonary effects represent the most lethal and least treatable manifestation of toxicity from this agent. The primary mechanism is through the generation of free radicals with oxidative damage to lung tissue. While acute pulmonary edema and early lung damage may occur within a few hours of severe acute exposures, the delayed toxic damage of pulmonary fibrosis, the usual cause of death, most commonly occurs 7-14 days after the ingestion. In those patients who ingest a very large amount of concentrated solution (20%), some have died more rapidly from circulatory failure (within 48 hours) prior to the onset of pulmonary fibrosis.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p>Paraquat poses risks to endangered\/threatened species and potential jeopardy to their continued existence. It is an endocrine disruptor. Use of paraquat is significantly associated with hypothyroidism. It has been reported to decrease testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin in male rats. In the frog <em>Rana esculenta<\/em>, paraquat was found to inhibit the production of testosterone in the testis and 17-beta-estradiol in the ovary. Moreover, the endocrine disruption activity of paraquat that causes excessive reactive oxygen species production also links it to Parkinson\u2019s Disease.<\/p>\r\n<ol start=\"2\">\r\n\t<li>Mitigation measures have not eliminated harm.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>EPA has downplayed the connection between exposure to paraquat and the development of Parkinson\u2019s disease in\u202fregistration review documents released by the agency, leading numerous legislators to call for the banning of paraquat.<\/p>\r\n<ol start=\"3\">\r\n\t<li>The public does not benefit from continued use.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>Alternative pest management practices that incorporate cultural practices and\/or less toxic products are available. Significantly, EPA routinely refuses to recognize the success of organic farming, which does not depend on synthetic pesticides, in calculating \u201cbenefits.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>EPA has sufficient information to ban paraquat. EPA has the information above, which is in the open literature and\/or provided in regulatory comments, demonstrating that the agency has a statutory duty to revoke all registrations of the paraquat under its unreasonable adverse effects standard in FIFRA.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>Please apply the standard of the Dacthal decision to paraquat. Issue an emergency suspension and prohibit use of existing stocks.<\/p>\r\n<p>Thank you.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Members of Congress<br \/>\r\n<\/strong>I am pleased to see EPA\u2019s action to ban Dacthal and prohibit the use of existing stocks. However, paraquat fits the criteria used to ban Dacthal. All of this is known to EPA.<\/p>\r\n<p>In deciding to ban Dacthal, EPA says it considered the seriousness, immediacy, and likelihood of the threatened harm; benefits to the public of continued use; and nature and extent of the information before EPA.<\/p>\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li>Paraquat poses immediate serious harms to people and the environment.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>The 6th\u202fedition of\u202fRecognition and Management of Pesticide Poisonings by James R. Roberts, M.D., M.P.H, and J. Routt Reigart, M.D., says, \u201c[P]araquat has life-threatening effects on the gastrointestinal tract, kidney, liver, heart and other organs. The LD50 in humans is approximately 3-5 mg\/kg, which translates into as little as 10-15 mL of a 20% solution. . . Although pulmonary toxicity occurs later in paraquat poisoning than other manifestations, it is the most severe and, . . .[p]ulmonary effects represent the most lethal and least treatable manifestation of toxicity from this agent. The primary mechanism is through the generation of free radicals with oxidative damage to lung tissue. While acute pulmonary edema and early lung damage may occur within a few hours of severe acute exposures, the delayed toxic damage of pulmonary fibrosis, the usual cause of death, most commonly occurs 7-14 days after the ingestion. In those patients who ingest a very large amount of concentrated solution (20%), some have died more rapidly from circulatory failure (within 48 hours) prior to the onset of pulmonary fibrosis.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<p>Paraquat poses risks to endangered\/threatened species and potential jeopardy to their continued existence. It is an endocrine disruptor. The use of paraquat is significantly associated with hypothyroidism. It has been reported to decrease testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin in male rats. In the frog Rana esculenta, paraquat was found to inhibit the production of testosterone in the testis and 17-beta-estradiol in the ovary. Moreover, the endocrine disruption activity of paraquat that causes excessive reactive oxygen species production also links it to Parkinson\u2019s Disease.<\/p>\r\n<ol start=\"2\">\r\n\t<li>Mitigation measures have not eliminated harm.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>EPA has downplayed the connection between exposure to paraquat and the development of Parkinson\u2019s disease in\u202fregistration review documents released by the agency, leading California Assemblymember Laura Friedman (D-Burbank), chair of the bicameral Environmental Caucus, to introduce legislation to phase out and ban the use of paraquat across all uses, including agriculture, by the end of 2025.<\/p>\r\n<ol start=\"3\">\r\n\t<li>The public does not benefit from the continued use of paraquat.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<p>Alternative pest management practices that incorporate cultural practices and\/or less toxic products are available. Significantly, EPA routinely refuses to recognize the success of organic farming, which does not depend on synthetic pesticides, in calculating \u201cbenefits.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>EPA has sufficient information to ban paraquat. EPA has the information above, which is in the open literature and\/or provided in regulatory comments, demonstrating that the agency has a statutory duty to revoke all registrations of the paraquat under its unreasonable adverse effects standard in FIFRA.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n<p>Tell EPA to apply the standard of the Dacthal decision consistently\u2014to ban paraquat.<\/p>\r\n<p>Thank you.<\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Beyond Pesticides, October 1, 2024) While the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) received accolades for its August 7, 2024, decision to ban the herbicide Dacthal (or DCPA\u2014dimethyl tetrachloroterephthalate), it also leaves many people asking, \u201cWhy Dacthal and not other very hazardous pesticides?\u201d Paraquat, for example, poses similar elevated hazards to people and the environment, has no antidote, and has viable alternatives. Therefore, Beyond Pesticides is challenging EPA to apply the same standard that removed Dacthal from the market to the long list of pesticides that are contributing to a health crisis, biodiversity collapse, and the climate emergency.\u00a0 In the case of Dacthal, EPA used the \u201cimminent hazard\u201d clause of the federal pesticide law to immediately suspend the chemical&#8217;s use. At the same time, the agency is exercising its authority to prohibit the continued use of Dacthal&#8217;s existing stocks, a power that EPA rarely uses. Additionally, the agency, in coordination with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, found that there were alternatives to Dacthal. Based on the reasoning in the Dacthal decision, EPA should ban paraquat, Beyond Pesticides says. &gt;&gt; EPA must apply the standard of the Dacthal decision to paraquat and issue an emergency suspension and prohibit use of existing stocks.\u00a0 Paraquat [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":36564,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Beyond Pesticides Urges Ban of Weed Killer Paraquat Using Same Criteria Used in the Landmark Dacthal Ban - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"EPA must apply the standard of the Dacthal decision to paraquat 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The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides) as a nonprofit membership organization in 1981, felt that without the existence of such an organized, national network, local, state and national pesticide policy would become, under chemical industry pressure, increasingly unresponsive to public health and environmental concerns. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions that affect them directly. We believe decisions should not be made for us by chemical companies or by decision-makers who either do not have all of the facts or refuse to consider them. Learn more about our work, read A Year in Review\u20142021, our accomplishments are your victories! Beyond Pesticides seeks to protect healthy air, water, land, and food for ourselves and future generations. By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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