{"id":38290,"date":"2025-04-23T00:01:11","date_gmt":"2025-04-23T04:01:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=38290"},"modified":"2025-04-21T13:46:10","modified_gmt":"2025-04-21T17:46:10","slug":"literature-reviews-add-to-wide-body-of-science-connecting-pesticides-to-parkinsons-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2025\/04\/literature-reviews-add-to-wide-body-of-science-connecting-pesticides-to-parkinsons-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"Literature Reviews Add to Wide Body of Science Connecting Pesticides to Parkinson\u2019s Disease"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>(<em>Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, April 23, 2025) Recent reviews of scientific literature, in both <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0045653525002905\"><em>Chemosphere<\/em><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scielosp.org\/article\/csp\/2025.v41n4\/e00011424\/en\/\"><em>Reports in Public Health<\/em><\/a>, associate Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease globally, with pesticide exposure. \u201cGiven the pervasive nature of pesticide residues in everyday food consumption and inadequate monitoring of their long-term toxicological impacts, the role of pesticide exposure as a modifiable risk factor for neurological disorders, including PD, warrants urgent attention,\u201d the researchers state in the article in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0045653525002905\"><em>Chemosphere<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In describing the history of Parkinson\u2019s and previous research, the authors in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scielosp.org\/article\/csp\/2025.v41n4\/e00011424\/en\/\"><em>Reports in Public Health<\/em><\/a> note that while PD etiology is not fully understood, it is a multifactorial disease. \u201cHereditary factors are present in approximately 10% of diagnosed cases of Parkinson\u2019s disease, presenting early onset; while the other 90% of cases are categorized as idiopathic or sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease, occurring in older individuals and may be associated with exposure to environmental agents,\u201d the researchers say.<\/p>\n<p>This disease, first described by English physician James Parkinson, M.D. in 1817, involves neurochemical changes that present as \u201cthe appearance of cardinal motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, and rest tremor, which are essential for the clinical diagnosis of the disease,\u201d the researchers note.<\/p>\n<p>The prevalence of PD, according to a <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8688697\/\">2021 study<\/a>, experienced a 155.5% increase between 1990 to 2019, affecting approximately 8.5 million people worldwide. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.parkinson.org\/understanding-parkinsons\/statistics\">Current estimates<\/a> say more than 10 million people are living with PD and <a href=\"https:\/\/sciencemediacentre.es\/en\/number-people-parkinsons-disease-will-exceed-25-million-worldwide-2050\">studies<\/a> predict this number could exceed 25 million by 2050.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers reviewed observational studies, conducted on humans, for evidence of pesticides\u2019 association with PD. The studies focus on the Brazilian population, as \u201cBrazil is responsible for approximately 20% of the world\u2019s pesticide consumption,\u201d they state. From the review, the authors find that \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-gateway?pesticideid=69\">rotenone<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-gateway?pesticideid=55\">paraquat<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-gateway?pesticideid=45\">maneb<\/a> show toxicity mechanisms that have been most elucidated in pre-clinical studies.\u201d (See studies <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27722929\/\">here<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34817799\/\">here<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33213296\/\">here<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29605442\/\">here<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27884192\/\">here<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>Additional study results include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pesticides could <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/assets\/media\/documents\/gateway\/health%20effects\/parkinson%27s%20cited.pdf\">trigger the development of PD<\/a> through facilitation of gene or protein expression changes. (See studies <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19944740\/\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23857610\/\">here<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<li>\u201c[O]xidative stress markers were altered in Parkinson\u2019s disease <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23982010\/\">patients exposed to pesticides<\/a>. Therefore, <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/category\/diseasehealth-effects\/oxidative-stress\/\">oxidative stress<\/a> may be an aggravator in the neurodegenerative progression.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Occupational exposure to maneb is associated with Parkinsonian syndrome. (See <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/3352909\/\">here<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<li>\u201c[B]oth <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-gateway?pesticideid=206\">mancozeb<\/a> and maneb inhibit the mitochondrial respiratory chain, leading to increased reactive oxygen species, motor impairments, and degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in preclinical studies.\u201d (See studies <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36087732\/\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23103283\/\">here<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<li>\u201cA 54-year-old man, without a familial history of Parkinson\u2019s disease, accidentally sprayed himself with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-gateway?pesticideid=37\">glyphosate<\/a>, the most commercialized herbicide in Brazil and worldwide. Initially, one month after the acute intoxication, he presented slowness and rigidity in all four limbs, progressing to resting tremors in the left arm and hand and short-term memory deficit one year later.\u201d (See <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/11391760\/\">here<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<li>\u201c[O]ccupational exposure to pesticides <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32552814\/\">doubled the mortality<\/a> of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease when compared to non-exposed patients.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cA <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33031131\/\">case-control study<\/a> carried out at the Mato Grosso State General University Hospital, including 88 Parkinson\u2019s disease patients and 264 control individuals, also showed that direct handling of pesticides in the workplace increased the probability of developing Parkinson\u2019s disease by more than three times.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>The mechanisms of action of the herbicides <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-gateway?pesticideid=1\">2,4-D<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-gateway?pesticideid=7\">atrazine<\/a>, and the insecticide <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-gateway?pesticideid=44\">malathion<\/a>, are linked to the pathophysiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease. (See studies <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39527184\/\">here<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38001883\/\">here<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35274200\/\">here<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<li>\u201cRisk of developing Parkinson\u2019s disease <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37354828\/\">doubled in individuals<\/a> exposed to household pesticides for more than 30 days per year at any time during their lifetime.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These findings are further supported and explained in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0045653525002905\"><em>Chemosphere<\/em><\/a> article, where the researchers &#8220;provide an overview of the molecular pathways impacted by known <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/tag\/neurotoxicity\/\">neurotoxic<\/a> pesticides and their involvement in the development of PD\/parkinsonism.\u201d In exploring the molecular mechanisms of PD development and the key pathways that can be induced by pesticides, such as with exposure to rotenone, paraquat, maneb, and others, the authors are \u201cshedding light on their role in the pathogenesis of PD and highlighting the need for preventative measures and regulatory oversight to mitigate these risks.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Through the analysis of a multitude of studies, the researchers conclude that pesticides, though they share common neurotoxic mechanisms, exhibit distinct pathways of toxicity and \u201cdisrupt mitochondrial and proteasomal functions, impair autophagy, and interfere with dopamine transport and metabolism, contributing to neurodegeneration.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In describing these mechanisms as they relate to PD and pesticide exposure, the authors include the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pesticides can cause alpha-synuclein (aSyn) oligomerization, where proteins that play a crucial role in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders within the brain, specifically in nerve terminals, are misfolded. These alterations occur \u201cthrough oxidative stress, ubiquitin-proteasome inhibition, mitochondria impairment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and altered lipid metabolism.\u201d (See studies <a href=\"https:\/\/febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/febs.12335\">here<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/12\/5\/818\">here<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378427421009036\">here<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/12\/2\/517\">here<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<li>The association between pesticide exposure and PD development is supported by studies highlighting the structural similarities between certain pesticides and neurotoxicants. (See studies <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1353802001000542\">here<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0161813X1200126X\">here<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/oem.bmj.com\/content\/58\/9\/582.short\">here<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/ehp.niehs.nih.gov\/doi\/full\/10.1289\/ehp.1002839\">here<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<li>\u201cEpidemiologic studies have linked rotenone exposure, either alone or in combination with other pesticides, to an increased risk of developing PD.\u201d (See <a href=\"https:\/\/movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/mds.23370\">here<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<li>Paraquat is able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), cause prolonged oxidative stress, and alter multiple metabolic pathways that can induce neurotoxicity. (See studies <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S000689930102577X\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0006899307008669\">here<\/a> and <em>Daily News <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2024\/09\/national-call-to-ban-weed-killer-linked-to-parkinsons-disease-gains-momentum-stalls-in-california\/\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2024\/11\/paraquat-parkinsons-syngenta-litigation-a-trail-littered-with-misdirection-disinformation-and-character-assassination\/\">here<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<li>\u201cBoth acute and chronic exposure to maneb have been associated with adverse effects in the CNS [central nervous system] among agricultural workers. These effects manifest as Parkinsonism-like motor symptoms, encompassing postural tremor and bradykinesia, alongside complaints of fatigue, memory issues, and drowsiness.\u201d This occurs through mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. (See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neurology.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1212\/WNL.38.4.550\">here<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<li>\u201cDespite the ban on <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/category\/chemicals\/dieldrin\/\">dieldrin<\/a> many years ago, this insecticide continues to pose a significant threat to the environmental diversity and human health, persisting in soil, rivers, and food samples.\u201d Studies (see <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/ana.410360119\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/096032719601500314\">here<\/a>) of post-mortem PD brains reveal dieldrin accumulation in the tissue.<\/li>\n<li>A <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00204-016-1864-y\">study<\/a> shows \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-gateway?pesticideid=21\">alpha-cypermethrin<\/a>-treated cells exhibited increased expression of several pro-apoptotic [cell death] genes, alongside key autophagy-related genes, as well as increased oxidative stress, characterized by increased nitric oxide levels, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-gateway?pesticideid=26\">Dichlorvos<\/a> is shown to selectively induce degeneration of neurons and alter mitochondria morphology through swelling and disintegration. (See studies <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1756-6606-3-35\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0161813X07001659\">here<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-gateway?pesticideid=17\">Chlorpyrifos<\/a> induces cell death in cortical neurons, as well as causes aSyn proteins to cluster together. (See <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/toxsci\/article\/183\/2\/378\/6325103\">here<\/a>.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>With Parkinson\u2019s disease considered the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorder worldwide without an effective cure currently available, preventing exposure to environmental contaminants that increase disease risk is imperative. Unfortunately, as the researchers point out, regulatory protocols regarding pesticides \u201cfall short in assessing the full range of their effects on the nervous system. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ieam\/article-abstract\/11\/4\/525\/7732191\">Current guidelines<\/a> mandate neurotoxicity assessments only if the active ingredient exhibits known neurotoxic properties or shares structural similarities with known neurotoxicants.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>They continue, saying: \u201cThis regulatory gap is particularly concerning given the growing body of evidence linking chronic pesticide exposure to PD and other neurodegenerative disorders&#8230; [There is a] systemic failure of current regulatory systems, which often underestimate neurotoxicity risks, particularly from chronic low-dose exposures or <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/category\/pesticide-mixtures\/\">pesticide mixtures<\/a> used in real-world agricultural settings. Regulatory frameworks, such as those of EFSA [The European Food Safety Authority] and EPA [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency], continue to prioritize data from short-term, high-dose toxicity studies, which are poorly suited to detect subtle, cumulative damage to dopaminergic neurons [involving dopamine as a neurotransmitter] that can evolve over years or decades.\u201d (See more on EPA failures <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/category\/environmental-protection-agency-epa\/\">here<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>Pesticides are intended to target specific pests but are often ineffective and carry unreasonable risks to nontarget organisms and the environment. As the authors state: \u201c[O]ut of the annual 3 billion kilograms of pesticides used globally, only a mere 1% proves effective. This inefficiency has resulted in the widespread, indiscriminate, and often random use of pesticides, leading to environmental contamination and adverse health effects.\u201d (See studies <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/fes3.108\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0300483X12002260\">here<\/a> and learn more through the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/overview\">Pesticide-Induced Diseases Database<\/a>.)<\/p>\n<p>Beyond Pesticides has reported on the association between PD, as well as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/pesticide-induced-diseases-database\/brain-and-nervous-system-disorders\">other brain and nervous system disorders<\/a>, for many years. (See Parkinson\u2019s <em>Daily News<\/em> archive <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/category\/diseasehealth-effects\/parkinsons\/\">here<\/a>.) Coverage includes <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2024\/08\/pesticide-induced-gut-microbiota-composition-alterations-and-parkinsons-disease-prognosis\/\">Pesticide-Induced Gut Microbiota Composition Alterations Linked to Parkinson\u2019s Disease Prognosis<\/a>, as well as the <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2024\/05\/parkinsons-disease-explodes-as-researchers-find-connection-to-pesticide-exposure-and-genes\/\">alteration of genes<\/a> with pesticide exposure and <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2024\/04\/research-links-parkinsons-and-lewy-body-disease-with-chemical-effects-on-brain-and-gut\/\">how toxicants cause neurodegeneration<\/a> through inhalation and ingestion pathways.<\/p>\n<p>A <em>Daily News <\/em>post in <a href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2024\/02\/health-savings-outweigh-cost-of-banning-pesticides-linked-to-parkinsons-disease-according-to-study\/\">February 2024<\/a> highlights a study published in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0048969723075423\"><em>Science of The Total Environment<\/em><\/a>, where the researchers find health savings overshadow the cost of banning pesticides linked to Parkinson\u2019s. Despite differing pesticide exposure scenarios, PD risk lowers without pesticide exposure, particularly to those that elicit neurotoxicity, and banning these chemicals is economically beneficial. The study concludes, \u201c[T]he population-level long-term health benefits and health savings would outweigh the financial losses due to the pesticide ban.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While Parkinson\u2019s disease has no cure, preventive practices, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/organic-agriculture\/overview\">organic agriculture<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/power-organic-parks-program\">Parks for a Sustainable Future<\/a> program, eliminate exposure to toxic PD-inducing pesticides. Learn more about the health and environmental benefits of organic land management <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/organic-agriculture\/why-organic\/health-benefits\">here<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/programs\/organic-agriculture\/why-organic\/environmental-benefits\">here<\/a>. Make <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/resources\/safer-choice\">The Safer Choice<\/a> by avoiding hazardous home, garden, community, and food use pesticides and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/join\/sign-me-up\">become a member<\/a> today to help support Beyond Pesticides\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/about\/our-mission\">mission<\/a> of eliminating petrochemical pesticides and synthetic fertilizers by 2032!<\/p>\n<p><em>All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Sources<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>Amaral, L. <em>et al<\/em>. (2025) The neurotoxicity of pesticides: Implications for Parkinson\u2019s disease, <em>Chemosphere<\/em>. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0045653525002905\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0045653525002905<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Santos, J. <em>et al<\/em>. (2025) Pesticide exposure and the development of Parkinson disease: a systematic review of Brazilian studies, <em>Reports in Public Health<\/em>. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scielosp.org\/article\/csp\/2025.v41n4\/e00011424\/en\/\">https:\/\/www.scielosp.org\/article\/csp\/2025.v41n4\/e00011424\/en\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Beyond Pesticides, April 23, 2025) Recent reviews of scientific literature, in both Chemosphere and Reports in Public Health, associate Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease globally, with pesticide exposure. \u201cGiven the pervasive nature of pesticide residues in everyday food consumption and inadequate monitoring of their long-term toxicological impacts, the role of pesticide exposure as a modifiable risk factor for neurological disorders, including PD, warrants urgent attention,\u201d the researchers state in the article in Chemosphere. In describing the history of Parkinson\u2019s and previous research, the authors in Reports in Public Health note that while PD etiology is not fully understood, it is a multifactorial disease. \u201cHereditary factors are present in approximately 10% of diagnosed cases of Parkinson\u2019s disease, presenting early onset; while the other 90% of cases are categorized as idiopathic or sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease, occurring in older individuals and may be associated with exposure to environmental agents,\u201d the researchers say. This disease, first described by English physician James Parkinson, M.D. in 1817, involves neurochemical changes that present as \u201cthe appearance of cardinal motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, and rest tremor, which are essential for the clinical diagnosis of the disease,\u201d the researchers note. The [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":38292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[89,72,585,400,33,254,139,27,354,41,105,557,36,242,399,35,145,488,37],"tags":[1704,2094,1135,1134,737,1269,1138,736,1292,2096,1361,2095],"class_list":["post-38290","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-24-d","category-atrazine","category-behavioral-and-cognitive-effects","category-brain-effects","category-chlorpyrifos","category-cypermethrin","category-dichlorvos","category-dieldrin","category-environmental-protection-agency-epa","category-glyphosate","category-malathion","category-mancozeb","category-maneb","category-nervous-system-effects","category-oxidative-stress","category-paraquat","category-parkinsons","category-pesticide-mixtures","category-rotenone","tag-epa-failure","tag-maneb","tag-neurodegenerative-diseases","tag-neurological-impacts","tag-neurotoxicity","tag-oxidative-stress","tag-paraquat","tag-parkinsons","tag-parkinsons-disease","tag-pesticide-mix","tag-regulatory-failure","tag-rotenone"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Literature Reviews Add to Wide Body of Science Connecting Pesticides to Parkinson\u2019s Disease - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Highlighted in recent literature reviews, a multitude of studies find associations between pesticide exposure and Parkinson&#039;s disease.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2025\/04\/literature-reviews-add-to-wide-body-of-science-connecting-pesticides-to-parkinsons-disease\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Literature Reviews Add to Wide Body of Science Connecting Pesticides to Parkinson\u2019s Disease - Beyond 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