{"id":39941,"date":"2025-10-20T00:01:08","date_gmt":"2025-10-20T04:01:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=39941"},"modified":"2025-10-20T17:18:34","modified_gmt":"2025-10-20T21:18:34","slug":"escalating-bacterial-resistance-supports-call-for-ban-of-antibiotic-pesticides-in-agriculture-and-synthetic-turf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2025\/10\/escalating-bacterial-resistance-supports-call-for-ban-of-antibiotic-pesticides-in-agriculture-and-synthetic-turf\/","title":{"rendered":"Escalating Bacterial Resistance Supports Call for Antibiotic Pesticide Ban in Agriculture and Synthetic Turf"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

(Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, October 20, 2025) With the release of a study<\/a>\u00a0that links the use of nitrogen fertilizer in combination with antibiotic pesticides to escalating bacterial resistance, public health advocates are renewing their call for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Congress to eliminate antibiotic pesticide use in land management<\/a>. This action comes on the heels of a World Health Organization (WHO) study finding<\/a>\u00a0that antibiotic resistance is\u00a0evolving even faster<\/a>\u00a0than previously thought.<\/p>\r\n

WHO finds, \u201cOne in six laboratory-confirmed bacterial infections causing common infections in people worldwide in 2023 were resistant to antibiotic treatments. . .. Between 2018 and 2023, antibiotic resistance rose in over 40% of the pathogen-antibiotic combinations monitored, with an average annual increase of 5\u201315%.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

These findings, linking pesticides, antibiotics, and nitrogen fertilizers to antibiotic resistance, again raise serious concerns about the deadly impacts of conventional (chemical-intensive) agricultural practices on human health. The researchers found that nitrogen is a strong driver of resistance processes. The richness and diversity of phages\u2014viruses that attack bacteria and can transmit antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)\u2014is highest in the groups exposed to both nitrogen and combined pesticides, and the abundance of ARGs in phages becomes \u201cmarkedly elevated\u201d in those same exposure conditions.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics for medical purposes is rising to dangerously high levels in all parts of the world. Globally, about\u00a0five million deaths in 2019<\/a>\u00a0are associated with antibiotic-resistant microbial infections, including 1.27 million deaths attributable to bacterial AMR. We cannot afford to ignore any cause of resistance, given the health implications of ineffective treatments for bacterial and fungal diseases. According to the\u00a0Centers for Disease Control and Prevention<\/a>\u00a0(CDC), \u201cMore than 2.8 million antimicrobial-resistant infections occur in the U.S. each year, and more than 35,000 people die as a result. When\u00a0Clostridioides difficile<\/em>\u2014a bacterium that is not typically resistant but can cause deadly diarrhea is associated with antibiotic use\u2014is added to these, the U.S. toll of all the threats in the report exceeds 3 million infections and 48,000 deaths.\u201d According to a 2021 article in\u00a0Current Research in Microbial Sciences<\/em>, \u201cAntibiotic resistance in agriculture: Perspectives on upcoming strategies to overcome upsurge in resistance<\/a>,\u201d the leading consumers of antibiotics in developed countries are U.S. consumers. So, the U.S. population may have the most to lose from antibiotic resistance.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

By 2050, various sources estimate that antibiotic resistance could increase global health care costs by\u00a0$1 trillion<\/a>\u00a0to\u00a0$100 trillion<\/a>. While the world slowly realizes the\u00a0urgent need to counter antibiotic resistance<\/a>, the role of pesticides in generating it has received less political and public attention. But there is no doubt that pesticides are strongly implicated. In fact, the resistance of microbes to antibiotics is no different from the\u00a0well-documented resistance<\/a>\u00a0of insects and plants to pesticides.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

When antimicrobial or antibiotic pesticides are sprayed on a crop, they induce antibiotic resistance in bacteria that are present by killing susceptible bacteria\u2014which may or may not be pathogenic\u2014and allowing resistant bacteria to proliferate. Those resistant bacteria move off the site on produce, workers’ clothing, and the wind. Prevention of chemical drift is therefore inadequate to protect against the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The now well-known phenomenon of\u00a0horizontal gene transfer<\/a>\u2014the movement of genes in bacteria from one bacterial species to another, which is facilitated by phages\u2014means that ARGs in those (possibly harmless) bacteria can move to bacteria that cause disease in plants or humans.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

A\u00a0recent study<\/a>\u00a0\u201celaborate[s] the mechanism underlying the effects of pesticides on bacterial antibiotic resistance acquisition as well as the propagation of antimicrobial resistance. Pesticide stress enhanced the acquisition of antibiotic resistance in bacteria via various mechanisms, including the activation of efflux pumps, inhibition of outer membrane pores for resistance to antibiotics, and gene mutation induction.\u201d Furthermore, the study found, \u201cPesticides promoted the conjugation transfer of ARGs [antibiotic resistance genes] by increasing cell membrane permeability and increased the proportion of bacterial mobile gene elements, which facilitate the spread of ARGs.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

The presence of both pesticides and antibiotics in water bodies\u2014lakes, rivers, and oceans\u2014and especially those receiving both agricultural runoff and hospital waste\u2014multiplies the risk of antimicrobial resistance. Further, the waters of the world are largely connected, from snow zones to oceans, so that in many cases what enters one body of water affects everything downstream.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

The antibiotic streptomycin has been banned for agricultural use on crops in many countries, and, after the Ninth Circuit’s December 2023 decision vacating the 2021 registration amendments for streptomycin because of the Agency’s failure to comply with the\u00a0Endangered Species Act<\/em>, is\u00a0no longer registered<\/a>\u00a0by EPA. The antibiotic oxytetracycline hydrochloride\u00a0is registered<\/a>\u00a0for use on tree crops. The antibiotic\u00a0kasugamycin<\/a>\u00a0is also registered by EPA.\u00a0Oxolinic acid<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0gentamicin<\/a>\u00a0are registered as antimicrobials in other countries. All of these have therapeutic uses in humans.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

In addition to use on crops, antimicrobials used to manage\u00a0synthetic turf<\/a>\u00a0for bacteria, mold, and fungus raise serious health issues and represent a threat that does not exist in organic land management. A builder of sports facilities,\u00a0American Athletic<\/a>, states, \u201cBeyond surface cleaning, the artificial turf should be sanitized weekly or monthly to protect the players’ and coaches’ health. This disinfection requires special solvents, cleansers, and anti-microbial products to remove invisible particles and bacterial growth. You should strive to sanitize the field after every game and throughout the school day if it’s used for physical education classes.\u201d\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

Finally, two facts lead to the conclusion that focusing on materials sold as antibiotics or antimicrobials is too shortsighted. First,\u00a0science shows\u00a0<\/a>that use of any antibiotics anywhere can increase antibiotic resistance everywhere. Second, many pesticides not intended to kill microbes\u2014such as the herbicides\u00a0glyphosate<\/a>,\u00a02,4-D, and dicamba<\/a>\u2014also induce\u00a0antibiotic resistance in deadly human pathogens<\/a>. These two facts lead to the conclusion that we must stop broadcasting pesticides in the environment and applying them to food. The crisis in antibiotic resistance, which creates a\u00a0threat of another pandemic<\/a>, is ignored in the registration of pesticides. The antibiotic impacts of pesticides cited above were discovered only after the pesticides had been disseminated in the environment for decades.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

In response to these new studies, Beyond Pesticides issued the following action: EPA must not register pesticides unless they have been demonstrated not to contribute to antibiotic resistance and must cancel the registration of those that do.<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

Letter to EPA
\r\n<\/strong>Antibiotic resistance is rising to dangerously high levels in all parts of the world\u2014according to the World Health Organization, even faster than previously thought. Globally, about five million people died in 2019 from antibiotic-resistant microbial infections. We cannot afford to ignore any cause of resistance, given the health implications of ineffective treatments for bacterial and fungal diseases. According to a report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), \u201cMore than 2.8 million antimicrobial-resistant infections occur in the U.S. each year, and more than 35,000 people die as a result. When Clostridioides difficile\u2014a bacterium that is not typically resistant but can cause deadly diarrhea is associated with antibiotic use\u2014is added to these, the U.S. toll of all the threats in the report exceeds 3 million infections and 48,000 deaths.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

When antimicrobial pesticides are sprayed on a crop, they induce resistance in bacteria that are present by killing susceptible bacteria\u2014which may or may not be pathogenic\u2014allowing resistant bacteria to proliferate. The resistant bacteria move off the site on crops, workers, and the wind. Prevention of chemical drift is thus inadequate to protect against the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The fact of horizontal gene transfer means that antibiotic resistance genes in those (possibly harmless) bacteria can move to pathogens.<\/p>\r\n

In addition, pesticides produce enhanced antibiotic resistance in bacteria by activating efflux pumps, inhibiting outer membrane pores for resistance to antibiotics, promoting gene mutation, and increasing conjugation transfer of antibiotic resistance genes through increased cell membrane permeability and a greater proportion of bacterial mobile gene elements.<\/p>\r\n

In addition to crops, antimicrobials are used to manage synthetic turf. A builder of sports facilities, American Athletic, states, \u201cBeyond surface cleaning, the artificial turf should be sanitized weekly or monthly to protect the players\u2019 and coaches\u2019 health. This disinfection requires special solvents, cleansers, and antimicrobial products to remove invisible particles and bacterial growth. You should strive to sanitize the field after every game and throughout the school day if it\u2019s used for physical education classes.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Finally, focusing on materials sold as antibiotics or antimicrobials is too shortsighted. First, science shows that use of any antibiotics anywhere can increase antibiotic resistance everywhere. Second, many pesticides not intended to kill microbes\u2014such as the herbicides glyphosate, 2,4-D, and dicamba\u2014also induce antibiotic resistance in deadly human pathogens. Thus, we must stop broadcasting pesticides in the environment. The crisis in antibiotic resistance, which creates a threat of another pandemic, is ignored in the registration of pesticides. The antibiotic impacts of pesticides cited above were discovered only after the pesticides had been disseminated in the environment for decades.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

EPA must not register pesticides unless they have been demonstrated not to contribute to antibiotic resistance and must cancel the registration of those that do.<\/p>\r\n

Thank you.<\/p>\r\n

Letter to U.S. Congress
\r\n<\/strong>Antibiotic resistance is rising to dangerously high levels in all parts of the world\u2014according to the World Health Organization, even faster than previously thought. Globally, about five million people died in 2019 from antibiotic-resistant microbial infections. We cannot afford to ignore any cause of resistance, given the health implications of ineffective treatments for bacterial and fungal diseases. According to a report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), \u201cMore than 2.8 million antimicrobial-resistant infections occur in the U.S. each year, and more than 35,000 people die as a result. When Clostridioides difficile\u2014a bacterium that is not typically resistant but can cause deadly diarrhea is associated with antibiotic use\u2014is added to these, the U.S. toll of all the threats in the report exceeds 3 million infections and 48,000 deaths.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

When antimicrobial pesticides are sprayed on a crop, they induce resistance in bacteria that are present by killing susceptible bacteria\u2014which may or may not be pathogenic\u2014allowing resistant bacteria to proliferate. The resistant bacteria move off the site on crops, workers, and the wind. Prevention of chemical drift is thus inadequate to protect against the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The fact of horizontal gene transfer means that antibiotic resistance genes in those (possibly harmless) bacteria can move to pathogens.<\/p>\r\n

In addition, pesticides produce enhanced antibiotic resistance in bacteria by activating efflux pumps, inhibiting outer membrane pores for resistance to antibiotics, promoting gene mutation, and increasing conjugation transfer of antibiotic resistance genes through increased cell membrane permeability and a greater proportion of bacterial mobile gene elements.<\/p>\r\n

In addition to crops, antimicrobials are used to manage synthetic turf. A builder of sports facilities, American Athletic, states, \u201cBeyond surface cleaning, the artificial turf should be sanitized weekly or monthly to protect the players\u2019 and coaches\u2019 health. This disinfection requires special solvents, cleansers, and antimicrobial products to remove invisible particles and bacterial growth. You should strive to sanitize the field after every game and throughout the school day if it\u2019s used for physical education classes.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

Finally, focusing on materials sold as antibiotics or antimicrobials is too shortsighted. First, science shows that use of any antibiotics anywhere can increase antibiotic resistance everywhere. Second, many pesticides not intended to kill microbes\u2014such as the herbicides glyphosate, 2,4-D, and dicamba\u2014also induce antibiotic resistance in deadly human pathogens. Thus, we must stop broadcasting pesticides in the environment. The crisis in antibiotic resistance, which creates a threat of another pandemic, is ignored in the registration of pesticides. The antibiotic impacts of pesticides cited above were discovered only after the pesticides had been disseminated in the environment for decades.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

Please ensure EPA does not register pesticides unless they have been demonstrated not to contribute to antibiotic resistance and cancels the registration of those that do.<\/p>\r\n

Thank you.<\/p>\r\n

All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\r\n

Source: PNAS<\/a>, World Health Organization<\/a><\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Beyond Pesticides, October 20, 2025) With the release of a study\u00a0that links the use of nitrogen fertilizer in combination with antibiotic pesticides to escalating bacterial resistance, public health advocates are renewing their call for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Congress to eliminate antibiotic pesticide use in land management. This action comes on the heels of a World Health Organization (WHO) study finding\u00a0that antibiotic resistance is\u00a0evolving even faster\u00a0than previously thought. WHO finds, \u201cOne in six laboratory-confirmed bacterial infections causing common infections in people worldwide in 2023 were resistant to antibiotic treatments. . .. Between 2018 and 2023, antibiotic resistance rose in over 40% of the pathogen-antibiotic combinations monitored, with an average annual increase of 5\u201315%.\u201d\u00a0 These findings, linking pesticides, antibiotics, and nitrogen fertilizers to antibiotic resistance, again raise serious concerns about the deadly impacts of conventional (chemical-intensive) agricultural practices on human health. The researchers found that nitrogen is a strong driver of resistance processes. The richness and diversity of phages\u2014viruses that attack bacteria and can transmit antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)\u2014is highest in the groups exposed to both nitrogen and combined pesticides, and the abundance of ARGs in phages becomes \u201cmarkedly elevated\u201d in those same exposure conditions.\u00a0 Bacterial […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":39972,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[249,155,367,439,2342,1190,276,1],"tags":[607,1644,1647,1648,2344,605,751,1865,1229,2346,429,2099,1129,600,2340,2345,1044,786,2343],"class_list":["post-39941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-agriculture","category-antibacterial","category-antibiotic-resistance","category-antimicrobial","category-oxytetracycline","category-streptomycin","category-take-action","category-uncategorized","tag-amr","tag-antibiotic-resistance","tag-antibiotic-resistance-genes","tag-bacteria","tag-bacterial-resistance","tag-epa","tag-fertilizer","tag-global-public-health-threat","tag-horizontal-gene-transfer","tag-kasugamycin","tag-land-management","tag-landcare","tag-nitrogen","tag-pesticides","tag-phages","tag-streptomycin","tag-synthetic-turf","tag-take-action","tag-u-s-environmental-protection-agency"],"yoast_head":"\nEscalating 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The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides) as a nonprofit membership organization in 1981, felt that without the existence of such an organized, national network, local, state and national pesticide policy would become, under chemical industry pressure, increasingly unresponsive to public health and environmental concerns. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions that affect them directly. We believe decisions should not be made for us by chemical companies or by decision-makers who either do not have all of the facts or refuse to consider them. Learn more about our work, read A Year in Review\u20142021, our accomplishments are your victories! Beyond Pesticides seeks to protect healthy air, water, land, and food for ourselves and future generations. 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