{"id":5228,"date":"2011-04-22T00:01:15","date_gmt":"2011-04-22T04:01:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=5228"},"modified":"2013-01-29T13:28:48","modified_gmt":"2013-01-29T17:28:48","slug":"studies-link-prenatal-organophosphate-exposure-to-reduced-iq","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2011\/04\/studies-link-prenatal-organophosphate-exposure-to-reduced-iq\/","title":{"rendered":"Studies Link Prenatal Organophosphate Exposure to Reduced IQ"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\">(<em>Beyond Pesticides<\/em>, April 22, 2011) Three independent investigations published in the journal <em>Environmental Health Perspectives<\/em> (EHP) have reached similar conclusions, associating prenatal exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides with IQ deficits in school-age children. The fact that three research groups reached such similar conclusions independently adds considerable support to the validity of the findings. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>The three studies were conducted at the School of Public Health at the University of California, Berkeley, the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, and Mount Sinai School of Medicine. All three involved cohorts of women enrolled during pregnancy. The Berkeley and Mount Sinai investigators measured OP pesticide breakdown products in the pregnant women\u2019s urine, while the Columbia investigators measured the OP pesticide chlorpyrifos in umbilical cord blood. Intelligence tests were administered to children of these mothers between ages 6 and 9 years at Mount Sinai and at age 7 years at Berkeley and Columbia.<\/p>\n<p>Although the study findings are not directly comparable, all three investigations found evidence linking prenatal OP pesticide exposures with adverse effects on cognitive function that continued into early childhood.\u201d\u00a8\u201d\u00a8\u201cIt is well known that findings from individual epidemiologic studies may be influenced by chance and other sources of error. This is why researchers often recommend their results be interpreted with caution until they are supported by similar findings in other study populations,\u201d said EHP Editor-in-Chief Hugh A. Tilson. \u201cAs a group, these papers add substantial weight to the evidence linking OP pesticides with adverse effects on cognitive development by simultaneously reporting consistent findings for three different groups of children.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Berkeley study, examining families in the intensive agricultural region of Salinas Valley, California, found that IQ levels for children with the most OP exposure were a full seven IQ points lower than those with the lowest exposure levels. This is a very significant drop. According to <a href=\"http:\/\/yourlife.usatoday.com\/parenting-family\/pregnancy\/story\/2011\/04\/Children-exposed-to-high-pesticde-levels-in-the-womb-have-lower-IQs-new-studies-show\/46340432\/1\"><em>USA Today<\/em><\/a>, lead poisoning can result in a drop of less than half that amount, usually about two to three IQ points, which is still cause for grave concern. The Berkeley team also found that every tenfold increase in measures of organophosphates detected during a mother\u2019s pregnancy corresponded to a 5.5 point drop in overall IQ scores in the 7-year-olds.<\/p>\n<p>The findings of the three studies support the suggestions of recent research on a phenomenon known as \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/infoservices\/pesticidesandyou\/Winter%2007-08\/dose-poison-debunk.pdf\">inverse dose response<\/a>.\u201d This refers to the idea that it is often the timing of chemical exposure that is most important, rather than the actual degree of exposure. The studies found that exposure to OPs while a child was still in the womb correlated to lower IQ scores, but exposures during early childhood, even at higher amounts, did not result in similar findings.<\/p>\n<p>Organophosphates, derived from World War II nerve agents, are a common class of chemicals used in pesticides and are considered to be among the most likely pesticides to cause an acute poisoning. Many are already banned in several European countries. Organophosphate pesticides are extremely toxic to the nervous system, as they are cholinesterase inhibitors and bind irreversibly to the active site of an enzyme essential for normal nerve impulse transmission. In finally responding to concerns stemming from this information, EPA reached agreements with chemical manufacturers to phase out residential use of two common organophosphate pesticides, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/gateway\/pesticide\/chlorpyrifos.htm\">chlorpyrifos<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/gateway\/pesticide\/diazinon.htm\">diazinon<\/a>, in 2000 and 2002 respectively. However, these pesticides remain registered for other uses, including in agricultural production.<\/p>\n<p>One of the researchers involved in the recent studies, Dana Boyd Barr, PhD, recently spoke at Beyond Pesticides 29th Annual National Pesticide Forum. Video of her presentation at the forum will soon be available on our website.<\/p>\n<p>The three articles are available online from EHP, free of charge:<br \/>\n\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/ehponline.org\/article\/info:doi\/10.1289\/ehp.1003183\">Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphates, Paraoxonase 1, and Cognitive Development in Childhood<\/a>.&#8221; Study coauthors include Stephanie M. Engel, James Wetmur, Jia Chen, Chenbo Zhu, Dana Boyd Barr, Richard L. Canfield, and Mary S. Wolff.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/ehponline.org\/article\/info:doi\/10.1289\/ehp.1003185\">Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphate Pesticides and IQ in 7-Year-Old Children<\/a>.&#8221; Study coauthors include Maryse F. Bouchard, Jonathan Chevrier, Kim G. Harley, Katherine Kogut, Michelle Vedar, Norma Calderon, Celina Trujillo, Caroline Johnson, Asa Bradman, Dana Boyd Barr, and Brenda Eskenazi.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/ehponline.org\/article\/info:doi\/10.1289\/ehp.1003160\">7-Year Neurodevelopmental Scores and Prenatal Exposure to Chlorpyrifos, a Common Agricultural Pesticide<\/a>.&#8221; Study coauthors include Virginia Rauh, Srikesh Arunajadai, Megan Horton, Frederica Perera, Lori Hoepner, Dana B. Barr, and Robin Whyatt.<\/p>\n<p>Sources: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.newswise.com\/articles\/prenatal-exposure-to-organophosphate-pesticides-associated-with-iq-deficits-in-school-age-children\">Environmental Health Perspectives Press Releases<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/pub_releases\/2011-04\/uoc--ppe041811.php\">UC Berkeley<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/pub_releases\/2011-04\/cums-pet041811.php\">Columbia University<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eurekalert.org\/pub_releases\/2011-04\/tmsh-pet041811.php\">Mount Sinai School of Medicine<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Beyond Pesticides, April 22, 2011) Three independent investigations published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) have reached similar conclusions, associating prenatal exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides with IQ deficits in school-age children. The fact that three research groups reached such similar conclusions independently adds considerable support to the validity of the findings. The three studies were conducted at the School of Public Health at the University of California, Berkeley, the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, and Mount Sinai School of Medicine. All three involved cohorts of women enrolled during pregnancy. The Berkeley and Mount Sinai investigators measured OP pesticide breakdown products in the pregnant women\u2019s urine, while the Columbia investigators measured the OP pesticide chlorpyrifos in umbilical cord blood. Intelligence tests were administered to children of these mothers between ages 6 and 9 years at Mount Sinai and at age 7 years at Berkeley and Columbia. Although the study findings are not directly comparable, all three investigations found evidence linking prenatal OP pesticide exposures with adverse effects on cognitive function that continued into early childhood.\u201d\u00a8\u201d\u00a8\u201cIt is well known that findings from individual epidemiologic studies may be influenced by chance and other sources of error. This is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,244],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5228","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-childrenschools","category-organophosphate"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Studies Link Prenatal Organophosphate Exposure to Reduced IQ - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2011\/04\/studies-link-prenatal-organophosphate-exposure-to-reduced-iq\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Studies Link Prenatal Organophosphate Exposure to Reduced IQ - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, April 22, 2011) Three independent investigations published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives (EHP) have reached similar conclusions, associating prenatal exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides with IQ deficits in school-age children. The fact that three research groups reached such similar conclusions independently adds considerable support to the validity of the findings. The three studies were conducted at the School of Public Health at the University of California, Berkeley, the Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, and Mount Sinai School of Medicine. All three involved cohorts of women enrolled during pregnancy. The Berkeley and Mount Sinai investigators measured OP pesticide breakdown products in the pregnant women\u2019s urine, while the Columbia investigators measured the OP pesticide chlorpyrifos in umbilical cord blood. Intelligence tests were administered to children of these mothers between ages 6 and 9 years at Mount Sinai and at age 7 years at Berkeley and Columbia. Although the study findings are not directly comparable, all three investigations found evidence linking prenatal OP pesticide exposures with adverse effects on cognitive function that continued into early childhood.\u201d\u00a8\u201d\u00a8\u201cIt is well known that findings from individual epidemiologic studies may be influenced by chance and other sources of error. 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The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides) as a nonprofit membership organization in 1981, felt that without the existence of such an organized, national network, local, state and national pesticide policy would become, under chemical industry pressure, increasingly unresponsive to public health and environmental concerns. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions that affect them directly. We believe decisions should not be made for us by chemical companies or by decision-makers who either do not have all of the facts or refuse to consider them. Learn more about our work, read A Year in Review\u20142021, our accomplishments are your victories! Beyond Pesticides seeks to protect healthy air, water, land, and food for ourselves and future generations. By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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