{"id":8534,"date":"2012-11-12T03:17:41","date_gmt":"2012-11-12T07:17:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/?p=8534"},"modified":"2012-11-12T09:59:31","modified_gmt":"2012-11-12T13:59:31","slug":"controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/","title":{"rendered":"Controversial North Dakota Amendment Protects CAFOs"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>(Beyond Pesticides, November 12, 2012) During the recent elections, North Dakotans voted to accept a controversial amendment to the North Dakota Constitution that protects practices used in Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) that are harmful to human health and the environment. <em>The North Dakota Farming and Ranching Amendment <\/em>states, \u201cNo law shall be enacted which abridges the right of farmers and ranchers to employ agricultural technology, modern livestock production and ranching practices.\u201d This amendment, supported by the North Dakota Farm Bureau, was created in response to pressure from organizations, such as the Humane Society and other organizations, that pushed for laws to ban small crates for chickens and pregnant pigs.<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/wps\/portal\/nrcs\/detailfull\/national\/programs\/financial\/?&#038;cid=nrcsdev11_000330\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"http:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_MEDIA\/nrcsdev11_001256.gif\" title=\"Source: USDA \" class=\"alignright\" align=\"right\" width=\"300\" height=\"183\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This constitutional amendment, which is vaguely and broadly worded, was designed to protect the use of CAFOs. These industrial operations are often viewed as cruel and can create significant problems for the environment and human health. The unsanitary conditions of CAFOs are produced by packing excessive numbers of animals into an unnatural environment. This process creates the risk of infectious disease outbreaks that would be averted under living conditions appropriate for animal species. To prevent these outbreaks from happening, CAFO operators feed sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics, such as penicillin and tetracycline, to livestock. This practice has become so common that, it accounts for upwards of 80% of those materials\u2019 annual usage in the U.S.<\/p>\n<p>Hundreds of organizations, including the American Medical Association (AMA), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences (IOM), have recommended that livestock producers be prohibited from using antibiotics for growth promotion if those antibiotics are also used in human medicine. Feeding sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics to healthy livestock can lead to accelerated resistance among dangerous infectious organisms that can harm human health. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tufts.edu\/med\/apua\/research\/completed_projects_4_3378722343.pdf\">In 2009<\/a>, the Cook County Hospital in Illinois and the Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics estimates that the total health care cost of antibiotic-resistant infections in the U.S. is $16 to $26 billion annually.<\/p>\n<p>Fortunately, the animal uses of antibiotics my soon be banned, as a federal judge recently ruled that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must act promptly to determine whether to ban sub-therapeutic uses of antibiotics in livestock. Judge Theodore Katz ordered FDA to notify drug manufacturers of its intention to revoke approval for uses of penicillin and tetracycline to promote growth in livestock. However, as long as animals are confined to crowded spaces, antibiotics will be needed to stop the spread of large scale diseases.<\/p>\n<p>Another environmental problem that CAFOs create is the animal waste that is produced from these operations. According to a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1817674\/\">recent report<\/a>, CAFOs produce 133 million tons of manure per year (on a dry weight basis) representing 13-fold more solid waste than human sanitary waste production. Waste is often disposed of in wastewater lagoons through which the waste can leech into ground water. Water can also be contaminated as waste lagoons overflow or runoff from applications of waste to farm fields. This waste can contain heavy metals, pesticides such as dithiocrabamatees which are applied to spray fields, and the antibiotics which can lead to resistance among dangerous infectious organisms. Ingestion of contaminated water may result in diarrhea or other gastrointestinal tract distress from waterborne pathogens, and dermal contact during swimming may cause skin, eye, or ear infections.<\/p>\n<p>This constitutional amendment is not only problematic because it gives unchecked power to CAFO operators, but also because it takes power away from local communities to control what happens near their homes and schools. According to the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ndfu.org\/story\/193\/voting-information-on-measures\">North Dakota Farmers Union<\/a> (NDFU), which opposed the amendment, this new regulation would trump local and state laws. It is a form of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/lawn\/factsheets\/Preemption%20Factsheet.pdf\">preemption law<\/a> which effectively denies local residents and decision makers their democratic right to better public health protection when the community decides that minimum standards set by state and federal law are insufficient to protect local public and environmental health. The NDFU also argues that the amendment doesn\u2019t require that a farmer\/rancher use sound agricultural practices or operate without negligence, as the measure guarantees an unlimited right to use any \u201cmodern\u201d practice. <\/p>\n<p>Beyond Pesticides strongly believes that the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) organic certification standard creates the safest guidelines for raising livestock. USDA organic certification standards prohibit treating livestock with any amount of antibiotics. The standards also require that producers maintain living conditions that prevent infectious diseases from becoming established and adversely impacting livestock health. <\/p>\n<p>For more information on organics, please visit our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/organicfood\/index.php\">organics page<\/a> and our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.beyondpesticides.org\/organicfood\/conscience\/index.php?pid=377\">Eating With a Conscience<\/a>.  <\/p>\n<p><em>Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/abcnews.go.com\/US\/wireStory\/voters-add-farmer-protection-constitution-17673522#.UJ1zprXWVfw\">ABC News <\/a><\/p>\n<p>All unattributed positions and opinions in this piece are those of Beyond Pesticides.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Beyond Pesticides, November 12, 2012) During the recent elections, North Dakotans voted to accept a controversial amendment to the North Dakota Constitution that protects practices used in Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) that are harmful to human health and the environment. The North Dakota Farming and Ranching Amendment states, \u201cNo law shall be enacted which abridges the right of farmers and ranchers to employ agricultural technology, modern livestock production and ranching practices.\u201d This amendment, supported by the North Dakota Farm Bureau, was created in response to pressure from organizations, such as the Humane Society and other organizations, that pushed for laws to ban small crates for chickens and pregnant pigs. This constitutional amendment, which is vaguely and broadly worded, was designed to protect the use of CAFOs. These industrial operations are often viewed as cruel and can create significant problems for the environment and human health. The unsanitary conditions of CAFOs are produced by packing excessive numbers of animals into an unnatural environment. This process creates the risk of infectious disease outbreaks that would be averted under living conditions appropriate for animal species. To prevent these outbreaks from happening, CAFO operators feed sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics, such as penicillin and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[305],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-north-dakota"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Controversial North Dakota Amendment Protects CAFOs - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Controversial North Dakota Amendment Protects CAFOs - Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Beyond Pesticides, November 12, 2012) During the recent elections, North Dakotans voted to accept a controversial amendment to the North Dakota Constitution that protects practices used in Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) that are harmful to human health and the environment. The North Dakota Farming and Ranching Amendment states, \u201cNo law shall be enacted which abridges the right of farmers and ranchers to employ agricultural technology, modern livestock production and ranching practices.\u201d This amendment, supported by the North Dakota Farm Bureau, was created in response to pressure from organizations, such as the Humane Society and other organizations, that pushed for laws to ban small crates for chickens and pregnant pigs. This constitutional amendment, which is vaguely and broadly worded, was designed to protect the use of CAFOs. These industrial operations are often viewed as cruel and can create significant problems for the environment and human health. The unsanitary conditions of CAFOs are produced by packing excessive numbers of animals into an unnatural environment. This process creates the risk of infectious disease outbreaks that would be averted under living conditions appropriate for animal species. To prevent these outbreaks from happening, CAFO operators feed sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics, such as penicillin and [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-11-12T07:17:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2012-11-12T13:59:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_MEDIA\/nrcsdev11_001256.gif\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Beyond Pesticides\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@ByondPesticides\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@ByondPesticides\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Beyond Pesticides\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Beyond Pesticides\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#\/schema\/person\/1b5c0a0981b549cc5b628770073031f4\"},\"headline\":\"Controversial North Dakota Amendment Protects CAFOs\",\"datePublished\":\"2012-11-12T07:17:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2012-11-12T13:59:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/\"},\"wordCount\":777,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_MEDIA\/nrcsdev11_001256.gif\",\"articleSection\":[\"North Dakota\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/\",\"name\":\"Controversial North Dakota Amendment Protects CAFOs - 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The founders, who established Beyond Pesticides (originally as National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides) as a nonprofit membership organization in 1981, felt that without the existence of such an organized, national network, local, state and national pesticide policy would become, under chemical industry pressure, increasingly unresponsive to public health and environmental concerns. Beyond Pesticides believes that people must have a voice in decisions that affect them directly. We believe decisions should not be made for us by chemical companies or by decision-makers who either do not have all of the facts or refuse to consider them. Learn more about our work, read A Year in Review\u20142021, our accomplishments are your victories! Beyond Pesticides seeks to protect healthy air, water, land, and food for ourselves and future generations. By forging ties with governments, nonprofits, and people who rely on these natural resources, we reduce the need for unnecessary pesticide use and protect public health and the environment. Beyond Pesticides provides hands-on services to the public and supports local action by: identifying and interpreting hazards; and, designing safe pest management programs. With the information provided by Beyond Pesticides, people may not only be able to make informed choices and adopt practices that protect themselves and their families from unnecessary exposure to pesticides, but they will be able to effect changes on community-wide pest management decisions and policies that govern pesticide use, such as pesticide uses in parks, schools, for community insect control and along roadsides. 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The North Dakota Farming and Ranching Amendment states, \u201cNo law shall be enacted which abridges the right of farmers and ranchers to employ agricultural technology, modern livestock production and ranching practices.\u201d This amendment, supported by the North Dakota Farm Bureau, was created in response to pressure from organizations, such as the Humane Society and other organizations, that pushed for laws to ban small crates for chickens and pregnant pigs. This constitutional amendment, which is vaguely and broadly worded, was designed to protect the use of CAFOs. These industrial operations are often viewed as cruel and can create significant problems for the environment and human health. The unsanitary conditions of CAFOs are produced by packing excessive numbers of animals into an unnatural environment. This process creates the risk of infectious disease outbreaks that would be averted under living conditions appropriate for animal species. To prevent these outbreaks from happening, CAFO operators feed sub-therapeutic doses of antibiotics, such as penicillin and [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/","og_site_name":"Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides","article_author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/beyondpesticides\/","article_published_time":"2012-11-12T07:17:41+00:00","article_modified_time":"2012-11-12T13:59:31+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_MEDIA\/nrcsdev11_001256.gif","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"Beyond Pesticides","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@ByondPesticides","twitter_site":"@ByondPesticides","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Beyond Pesticides","Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/"},"author":{"name":"Beyond Pesticides","@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#\/schema\/person\/1b5c0a0981b549cc5b628770073031f4"},"headline":"Controversial North Dakota Amendment Protects CAFOs","datePublished":"2012-11-12T07:17:41+00:00","dateModified":"2012-11-12T13:59:31+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/"},"wordCount":777,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_MEDIA\/nrcsdev11_001256.gif","articleSection":["North Dakota"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/","url":"https:\/\/beyondpesticides.org\/dailynewsblog\/2012\/11\/controversial-north-dakota-amendment-protects-cafos\/","name":"Controversial North Dakota Amendment Protects CAFOs - 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