Gateway on Pesticide Hazards and Safe Pest Management

Beyond Pesticides offers resources below to evaluate the health and ecological effects of specific chemical exposure from ACTIVE INGREDIENTS in pesticide products, as well as regulatory information and supporting scientific documents. Because various pesticide products can contain more than one active ingredient, it is important to READ the LABEL to determine chemical components.

With 192 different active ingredients and counting, it is essential to establish the connection between the use of these chemicals and their respective hazards.

View the step-by-step guide on how to search for the active ingredient(s) in pesticide products below:

1. Go to U.S. EPA's Pesticide Product and Label System and enter the product name. The generic product name may vary.
   
2. After searching, click on the chemical ingredients tab or the link for the most recent label to find Active Ingredients.
                Chemical List                                            Label List 
   
   If one selects the chemical ingredients tab, skip to Step 4 . If not, proceed to step number 3
   
   
3. To find the active ingredient(s) on the label, search for the page in the document containing the date of registration. Usually, the active ingredients section occurs within the first few pages of the label document.
   
   
4. Return to the Beyond Pesticides Gateway and search for the active ingredient name in the yellow box to the right or from the list below. 
   
   

Fludioxonil

General Information

• Product Names:

  Cannonball (Syngenta)
  Graduate (Syngenta)
  Hurricane (Syngenta) formulated with Metalaxyl-M
  Maixm (Syngenta)
  Medallion (Syngenta)
  Scholar (Syngenta)
  Sporgard (Lanxess)
  Tc 281 (Whitmire)
  EFOG-80 (Pace)
  Shield-brite (Pace)

• Chemical Class: Unclassified
• Uses: Fungicide
• Alternatives: Organic agriculture
• Beyond Pesticides rating: Toxic

Health and Environmental Effects

• Cancer: Possible (1, 2)
• Endocrine Disruption: Likely (1, 3)
• Reproductive Effects: Possible (3)
• Neurotoxicity: Possible (4, 5)
• Kidney/Liver Damage: Yes (6)
• Sensitizer/ Irritant: Yes (6)
• Birth/Developmental: Possible (7, 8)
• Detected in Groundwater: Possible (9)
• Potential Leacher: Low (6)
• Toxic to Birds: Possible (10)
• Toxic to Fish/Aquatic Organisms: Yes (6)
• Toxic to Bees: Yes (6)

Additional Information

• Supporting information:
  • PAN Pesticides Database:Fludioxonil (Pesticide Action Network)
• Studies [compiled from the Pesticide-Induced Diseases Database]
  • Effect of nonpersistent pesticides on estrogen receptor, androgen receptor, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor.. Medjakovic S, Zoechling A, Gerster P, et al. 2014. Environ Toxicol. 29(10):1201-16
  • A Th2-type immune response and low-grade systemic inflammatory reaction as potential immunotoxic effects in intensive agriculture farmers exposed to pesticides . Lozano-Paniagua, D. et al. (2024) ‘A th2-type immune response and low-grade systemic inflammatory reaction as potential immunotoxic effects in intensive agriculture farmers exposed to pesticides’, Science of The Total Environment, 938, p. 173545. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173545.
  • Toxic and Behavioral Effects to Carabidae of Seed Treatments Used on Cry3Bb1- and Cry1Ab/c-Protected Corn. Christopher A. Mullin, Michael C. Saunders, Timothy W. Leslie, David J. Biddinger, Shelby J. Fleischer, Toxic and Behavioral Effects to Carabidae of Seed Treatments Used on Cry3Bb1- and Cry1Ab/c-Protected Corn, Environmental Entomology, Volume 34, Issue 6, 1 December 2005, Pages 1626–1636, https://doi.org/10.1603/0046-225X-34.6.1626
  • A cumulative dietary pesticide exposure score based on produce consumption is associated with urinary pesticide biomarkers in a U.S. biomonitoring cohort. Temkin, A. et al. (2025) A cumulative dietary pesticide exposure score based on produce consumption is associated with urinary pesticide biomarkers in a U.S. biomonitoring cohort, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1438463925001361.
  • High temporal resolution pollen analysis: New insights into current-use pesticides distribution in agricultural landscapes. Cirelli, S. et al. (2026) High temporal resolution pollen analysis: New insights into current-use pesticides distribution in agricultural landscapes, Environmental Pollution. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749126007189.
  • Breakdown products of the fungicide Fludioxonil may account for observed environmental impact: potential implications for human health. Roelans, L., Brandhorst, T, Tonelli, M., Chiellini, G., and Porter, W. (2026) Breakdown products of the fungicide Fludioxonil may account for observed environmental impact: potential implications for human health, PeerJ. Available at: https://peerj.com/articles/21290/.
  • Genotoxicity of pesticide mixtures present in the diet of the French population. Graillot, V., Takakura, N., Hegarat, L. L., Fessard, V., Audebert, M., & Cravedi, J. P. (2012). Genotoxicity of pesticide mixtures present in the diet of the French population. Environmental and molecular mutagenesis, 53(3), 173–184. https://doi.org/10.1002/em.21676
  • Assessment of pesticide contamination in pomegranates: A multivariate approach and health risk evaluation. Gormez E, Odabas E, Golge O, González-Curbelo MÁ, Kabak B. Assessment of pesticide contamination in pomegranates: A multivariate approach and health risk evaluation. Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association. 2025 Jun;200:115363. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115363. PMID: 40032022.
  • Initial Survey of Pesticide Residues in Baby’s food and The Exceedances of Maximum Residual Limit (MRLs). Babalola, Oluwaseun & Raji, Ajoke. (2018). Initial Survey of Pesticide Residues in Baby’s food and The Exceedances of Maximum Residual Limit (MRLs). JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND REVIEW IN SCIENCE. 5. 10.36108/jrrslasu/8102/50(0102).
  • Combined toxic effects of fludioxonil and triadimefon on embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Wang, Y., Xu, C., Wang, D., Weng, H., Yang, G., Guo, D., Yu, R., Wang, X., & Wang, Q. (2020). Combined toxic effects of fludioxonil and triadimefon on embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 260, 114105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114105
  • Toxic effects of fludioxonil on the growth, photosynthetic activity, oxidative stress, cell morphology, apoptosis, and metabolism of Chlorella vulgaris. Liu, Xiang & Wang, Xueting & Zhang, Fengwen & Yao, Xiangfeng & Qiao, Zhihua & Deng, Jiahui & Jiao, Qin & Gong, Luo & Jiang, Xingyin. (2022). Toxic effects of fludioxonil on the growth, photosynthetic activity, oxidative stress, cell morphology, apoptosis, and metabolism of Chlorella vulgaris. Science of The Total Environment. 838. 156069. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156069.
  • Structural elucidation and estimation of the acute toxicity of the major UV–visible photoproduct of fludioxonil – detection in both skin and flesh samples of grape. Lassalle, Y, Nicol, É, Genty, C, Bourcier, S, and Bouchonnet, S (2015), Structural elucidation and estimation of the acute toxicity of the major UV–visible photoproduct of fludioxonil – detection in both skin and flesh samples of grape. J. Mass Spectrom., 50, 864–869. doi: 10.1002/jms.3598.
  • Species Sensitivity Distributions of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Fludioxonil-Spiked Sediment Toxicity Tests. Sun, J., Xiao, P. F., Yin, X. H., Zhang, K., Zhu, G. N., & Brock, T. C. M. (2022). Species Sensitivity Distributions of Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Fludioxonil-Spiked Sediment Toxicity Tests. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 82(4), 569–580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-022-00933-8
  • Effects of a fungicide formulation on embryo-larval development, metamorphosis, and gonadogenesis of the South American toad Rhinella arenarum. Svartz, G., Meijide, F., & Pérez Coll, C. (2016). Effects of a fungicide formulation on embryo-larval development, metamorphosis, and gonadogenesis of the South American toad Rhinella arenarum. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 45, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2016.05.008
  • Comparing the effects of fludioxonil on non-target soil invertebrates using ecotoxicological methods from single-species bioassays to model ecosystems. Haegerbaeumer, A., Raschke, R., Reiff, N., Traunspurger, W., & Höss, S. (2019). Comparing the effects of fludioxonil on non-target soil invertebrates using ecotoxicological methods from single-species bioassays to model ecosystems. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 183, 109596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109596
  • Exploring comprehensive toxic effects of fludioxonil on Caenorhabditis elegans. Choi, S., Jun, E., Lee, Y., & Kim, K. W. (2025). Exploring comprehensive toxic effects of fludioxonil on Caenorhabditis elegans. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 294, 117996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117996
  • Assessment of Potential Toxic Effects of Fungicide Fludioxonil on Human Cells and Aquatic Microorganisms. Antonopoulou, M., Tzamaria, A., Papas, S., Efthimiou, I., & Vlastos, D. (2025). Assessment of Potential Toxic Effects of Fungicide Fludioxonil on Human Cells and Aquatic Microorganisms. Toxics, 13(5), 358. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13050358
  • Phenylpyrrole fungicides act on triosephosphate isomerase to induce methylglyoxal stress and alter hybrid histidine kinase activity. Brandhorst, T. T., Kean, I. R. L., Lawry, S. M., Wiesner, D. L., & Klein, B. S. (2019). Phenylpyrrole fungicides act on triosephosphate isomerase to induce methylglyoxal stress and alter hybrid histidine kinase activity. Scientific reports, 9(1), 5047. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41564-9